Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Total n=150 | ND Group n=84 | D Group n=66 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years) |
68.8±10.8 |
67.6±12.6 |
70.2±7.6 |
0.143 |
|
Female |
13% |
14% |
12% |
0.699 |
|
BMI (Kg/m2) |
26.7±4 |
25.2±3.4 |
28.8±4.2 |
0.001 |
|
History of angina |
42% |
36% |
52% |
0.060 |
|
Previous ACS |
79.6% |
82% |
79% |
0.500 |
|
Previous PTCA |
75% |
73.6% |
80.1% |
0.307 |
|
Previous CABG |
27.6% |
27.3% |
28.8% |
0.921 |
|
Atrial fibrillation |
17.8% |
13.1% |
24.2% |
0.084 |
|
Hypertension |
69.7% |
66.7% |
75.8% |
0.267 |
|
Dyslipidemia |
69.7% |
70.2% |
71.2 |
0.986 |
|
Smoking |
63% |
51.2% |
80% |
0.001 |
|
COPD |
12.5% |
11.9% |
13.6% |
0.773 |
|
NYHA class III-IV |
19.4% |
15.5% |
13.6% |
0.982 |
|
Boston score |
2.5±3.4 |
2.7±3.7 |
2.2±3.1 |
0.345 |
|
6-min walk test (m) |
430.3±170.3 |
458±180.9 |
395.8±150.8 |
0.031 |
|
Index Disease Severity (IDS) score |
3.7±2.5 |
2.7±2.1 |
4.9±2.3 |
0.345 |
|
GDS score |
7.4±5.2 |
7.1±5.2 |
7.7±5.3 |
0.493 |
|
Third heart sound |
5% |
7% |
3% |
0.259 |
|
Peripheral edema |
16.9% |
10% |
24% |
0.016 |
|
Jugular vein distention |
11.9% |
11.9% |
12.1% |
0.989 |
|
Pericardial fat (mm) |
7.9±3.1 |
7.2±2.8 |
8.4±3.4 |
0.041 |
|
Myocardial mass |
129.6±35.3 |
130.2±33,9 |
128.9±37.3 |
0.835 |
|
Ejection fraction (%) |
43.9±15 |
41.3±14.5 |
47.3±15.6 |
0.017 |
|
Trans-tricuspid gradient (mmHg) |
19.9±13.6 |
21±14 |
18.5±12.9 |
0.263 |
|
Glycaemia (mg/dl) |
118.5±45 |
94.5±11.9 |
149.7±52.7 |
0.001 |
|
Hemoglobin (g/dl) |
13.6±1.5 |
13.7±1.5 |
13.4±1.5 |
0.202 |
|
HbA1c (%) |
6.64±1.27 |
5.9±0.3 |
7.6±1.4 |
0.001 |
|
eGFR (ml/min) |
71.3±25.1 |
67.8±21.2 |
75.8±28.8 |
0.058 |
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) |
170.1±41.8 |
171.9±39.6 |
167.9±44.7 |
0.576 |
|
HDL (mg/dl) |
43.8±11.5 |
43.1±10.3 |
44.8±13 |
0.363 |
|
ESR (mm/h) |
33±25.2 |
36.1±27.4 |
29.1±21.6 |
0.101 |
|
TSH (mU/l) |
2.1±3.7 |
2.9±4.2 |
2.2±3 |
0.786 |
|
Albumin (g/dl) |
5.1±0.8 |
3.9±0.4 |
3.7±0.4 |
0.147 |
|
NT-proBNP (ng/ml) |
2101.9±4246.6 |
2066.8±3243.2 |
2071.4±5300.1 |
0.995 |
|
ACE/ARB |
89.5% |
88% |
93.9% |
0.222 |
|
Beta-blockers |
82.2% |
86.9% |
78.8% |
0.185 |
|
Digitalis |
19.7% |
19% |
21.2% |
0.742 |
|
Aldosterone blockers |
25% |
33.3% |
15.2% |
0.011 |
|
Loop diuretics |
53.3% |
52.4% |
56.1% |
0.654 |
|
Nitrates |
29.6% |
31% |
28.8% |
0.774 |
|
Statins |
78.3% |
85.7% |
71.2% |
0.029 |
|
Warfarin |
15.1% |
15.5% |
15.2% |
0.956 |
|
Aspirin |
84.2% |
88% |
81.8% |
0.281 |
| Clopidogrel | 40.1% | 50% | 28.8% | 0.009 |
Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; ACS, Acute Coronary Syndrome; PTCA, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HbA1c, Glycated Hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; ESR, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; TSH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone; ACE/ARB, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme/ACE Receptor Blockers.