Table 3.
Summary of risk of bias assessment for trials reporting biomarkers or intermediate outcomes (surrogate outcomes) versus final patient relevant primary outcomes
| Quality assessment | No (%) of trials | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Surrogate outcomes (n=84) | Patient relevant outcomes (n=101) | ||
| Intention to treat analysis | 62 (74) | 83 (82) | 0.17 |
| Adequate randomisation sequence generation | 54 (64) | 65 (64) | 0.99 |
| Adequate randomisation allocation concealment | 61 (73) | 74 (73) | 0.92 |
| Double blinding/placebo control | 42 (50) | 43 (43) | 0.31 |
*χ2 test.