Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic patient variables (all of the patients and grouped according to macro-vascular involvement)
| Variables | All | NMVD (I) | NSCS (II) | CBVD (III) | CAD (IV) | PAD (V) | PVD (VI) | p differencesamong the groupsa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N patients (%) |
1199 |
643 (53.6) |
69 (5.7) |
81 (6.8) |
89 (7.4) |
59 (4.9) |
258 (21.5) |
_ |
| Age (yy) |
67 (58–75) |
63 (55–72) |
66 (59–71) |
73 (66–79) |
65 (55–75) |
72 (65–76) |
73 (67–78) |
I≠III,V,VI***, II≠III**,VI*** III≠IV***, IV≠V*,VI*** |
| Sex %M |
49.5 |
45.3 |
39.1 |
37 |
58.4 |
61 |
61.2 |
*** |
| DM2 duration (yy) |
12 (6–20) |
10 (5–18) |
10 (5–15.5) |
12.5 (7–20) |
14 (6–20) |
20 (10–30) |
20 (10–28.3) |
I≠V,VI***, II≠V,VI***, III≠VI*, IV≠VI** |
| Weight (Kg) |
80 (69.5-92.7) |
81 (71.1-94.4) |
80.1 (67.3-93.8) |
74.6 (65.1-85.5) |
85.7 (74.4-98.6) |
75.2 (67–90) |
76.5 (65.4-87.8) |
I≠III,VI**, III≠IV***, IV≠VI** |
| BMI (Kg/m2) |
31.1 (27.6-35.5) |
31.5 (28.1-36.4) |
31.5 (26.5-36.6) |
29.7 (27.1-33.6) |
32.2 (27.6-37) |
30.3 (26.3-34.9) |
30 (26.3-33.8) |
I≠VI**, IV≠VI* |
| WC (cm) |
105 (97–118) |
106 (97–120) |
105.5 (94.3-119) |
102 (96–110.5) |
110 (98–120) |
103 (98–115.8) |
104 (97–116) |
ns |
| Smoking history % |
27.3 |
26.9 |
20.3 |
14.8 |
25.8 |
33.9 |
32.6 |
*** |
| SBP (mmHg) |
130 (120–140) |
130 (120–140) |
130 (120–140) |
130 (120–140) |
130 (120–140) |
130 (120–145) |
130 (120–140) |
ns |
| DBP (mmHg) |
80 (70–80) |
80 (70–80) |
80 (70–80) |
70 (70–80) |
80 (70–80) |
70 (70–80) |
80 (70–80) |
ns |
| TC (mg/dl) |
178 (151–210) |
183 (157–212) |
201 (175–221) |
176 (153–204) |
162 (132–193) |
179 (156–212) |
165 (135–196) |
I≠IV,VI***, II≠IV,VI*** |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) |
45 (38–55) |
47 (39–57) |
49 (39–58) |
47 (41–60) |
42 (35–50) |
45 (39–55) |
43 (35–52) |
I≠IV*,I≠VI***, III≠IV,VI* |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) |
102(77–131) |
105(83–133) |
121(99–144) |
101(76–129) |
82 (64–116) |
102(74–130) |
91 (70–123) |
I≠IV,VI***, II≠IV,VI*** |
| TG (mg/dl) |
124 (91–166) |
123 (91–161) |
125 (96–173) |
117 (82–149) |
126 (94–184) |
123 (90–170) |
130 (91–176) |
ns |
| HbA1c (%) |
8.1 (7–9.5) |
8.1 (7.1-9.7) |
8 (6.9-10.2) |
8.2 (6.8-9.5) |
8.1 (7.2-9.5) |
7.7 (6.8-9) |
8 (7–9.3) |
ns |
| FPG (mg/dl) |
174 (139–224) |
174 (138–230) |
177 (148–232) |
169 (138–213) |
182 (142–222) |
177 (140–218) |
174 (137–219) |
ns |
| 2h-BG (mg/dl) |
201 (160–265) |
203 (160–270) |
219 (174–286) |
195 (160–232) |
205 (160–270) |
200 (167–239) |
200 (155–254) |
ns |
| ∆BG (prandial) |
34 (−6-76) |
35 (−3-79) |
44 (14–81) |
39 (−8-88) |
38 (−1-61) |
31 (−22-58) |
22 (−16-69) |
ns |
| MetS % |
88 |
83.1 |
91.3 |
88.9 |
89 |
94.9 |
95.7 |
*** |
| 3-4 MetS factors % |
61 |
55.7 |
62.3 |
64.2 |
73 |
69.5 |
66.7 |
*** |
| eGFR |
84 (65–101) |
89 (74–106) |
87 (61–100) |
79 (65–99) |
82 (57–103) |
66 (49–88) |
68 (50–88) |
I≠III*,V,VI***, II≠V*, II≠VI**, IV≠VI* |
| Albuminuria % |
25.9 |
24.3 |
21.9 |
25.3 |
31.8 |
33.3 |
27.2 |
ns |
| DR % |
37.3 |
28.6 |
33.3 |
40.7 |
38.2 |
78 |
49.2 |
*** |
| DN % |
49.7 |
39.0 |
42.0 |
53.1 |
43.8 |
88.1 |
70.5 |
*** |
| Statin users % |
65 |
55.4 |
69.6 |
70.4 |
76.4 |
81.4 |
78.7 |
*** |
| AH user % |
80.4 |
72.3 |
79.7 |
85.2 |
91 |
96.6 |
91.9 |
*** |
| OHA users % |
38.3 |
43.2 |
49.3 |
42 |
39.3 |
20.3 |
25.6 |
*** |
| OHA+BI users % |
13.6 |
16.5 |
11.6 |
8.6 |
10.1 |
10.1 |
10.5 |
*** |
| MDI users % | 48.1 | 48.1 | 39.1 | 49.4 | 50.6 | 69.3 | 63.9 | *** |
Data are medians (IQR, 25th–75th quartiles) or proportions; aKruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc test and χ2-test; ns, not significant; *p<0.05, **p≤0.01, *** p≤0.001; 2h-BG, 2h glycaemia after meals; ∆ BG, ∆ post-preprandial glycaemia; DR, Diabetic retinopathy; DN, Diabetic Neuropathy; eGFR was expressed as mL/min/1.73 m2.