Table 1. SAM analysis of miRNAs expressed in human α-and β-cells normalized with nucleolar RNU48 (shown in Table S3).

Upregulated	Score(d)	q(%)	FC	Upregulated	Score(d)	q(%)	FC	Upregulated	Score(d)	q(%)	FC
miR-204	6.41	0.00	108.42	miR-183	3.28	0.00	8.99	miR-30d	2.61	0.00	3.56
miR-432	5.51	0.00	106.15	miR-889	7.95	0.00	8.95	miR-7-1*	2.07	0.18	3.56
miR-370	7.14	0.00	88.65	miR-337-3p	2.59	0.00	8.72	miR-335	4.34	0.00	3.54
miR-433	7.21	0.00	81.27	miR-369-5p	2.44	0.00	8.52	miR-30a	3.85	0.00	3.54
miR-409-3p	3.88	0.00	76.52	let-7c	3.43	0.00	8.46	miR-132	2.00	0.18	3.49
miR-379	6.22	0.00	65.28	miR-190b	5.50	0.00	8.23	miR-200c	2.07	0.18	3.38
miR-127-3p	7.51	0.00	62.08	miR-485-3p	5.82	0.00	7.51	miR-30e*	3.49	0.00	3.37
miR-382	4.55	0.00	59.36	miR-376a*	3.01	0.00	6.86	miR-7-2*	2.24	0.00	3.36
miR-885-5p	5.95	0.00	57.50	miR-216b	2.32	0.00	6.74	miR-16	2.14	0.00	3.31
miR-136*	6.37	0.00	56.52	miR-29b-2*	3.17	0.00	6.74	miR-484	3.83	0.00	3.29
miR-148a	5.43	0.00	55.69	miR-154*	1.99	0.18	6.45	miR-101	1.98	0.18	3.26
miR-323-3p	7.35	0.00	54.66	miR-491-5p	4.91	0.00	6.32	miR-324-3p	3.02	0.00	3.09
miR-411	5.67	0.00	52.79	miR-27b	5.03	0.00	6.30	miR-29b	3.19	0.00	3.05
miR-183*	2.93	0.00	44.06	miR-134	2.57	0.00	6.27	miR-29a	3.27	0.00	3.01
miR-668	4.12	0.00	37.72	miR-654-3p	2.32	0.00	6.23	miR-671-3p	2.45	0.00	3.01
miR-30a*	4.44	0.00	31.66	miR-139-5p	2.26	0.00	6.09	miR-339-3p	2.02	0.18	2.98
miR-654-5p	2.21	0.00	31.30	miR-24	6.01	0.00	6.07	miR-301b	2.05	0.18	2.96
miR-337-5p	3.17	0.00	27.90	miR-380*	3.16	0.00	5.98	miR-320	3.21	0.00	2.95
miR-125b	5.45	0.00	27.70	miR-574-3p	4.54	0.00	5.95	miR-340	2.81	0.00	2.81
miR-494	7.65	0.00	23.45	miR-369-3p	3.09	0.00	5.88	miR-30e	2.69	0.00	2.78
miR-96	3.89	0.00	23.19	miR-130b	2.64	0.00	5.87	miR-340*	3.72	0.00	2.75
miR-539	5.29	0.00	22.25	miR-655	3.10	0.00	5.83	miR-186	2.23	0.00	2.74
miR-758	3.86	0.00	20.59	miR-22*	3.86	0.00	5.83	miR-7	2.52	0.00	2.73
miR-656	4.01	0.00	17.76	miR-29c	2.94	0.00	5.81	miR-103	2.71	0.00	2.71
miR-410	4.84	0.00	17.26	let-7b	3.69	0.00	5.36	miR-598	3.46	0.00	2.69
miR-376a	5.44	0.00	16.86	miR-324-5p	4.24	0.00	5.35	miR-99b	2.56	0.00	2.63
miR-15a	4.18	0.00	15.98	let-7a	2.41	0.00	5.34	miR-93*	2.37	0.00	2.62
miR-409-5p	4.07	0.00	15.32	miR-129-3p	4.30	0.00	5.34	miR-26a	3.05	0.00	2.56
miR-487b	4.57	0.00	15.14	miR-15a*	2.39	0.00	5.28	miR-145	2.95	0.00	2.48
miR-493*	2.96	0.00	14.49	miR-29c*	3.57	0.00	5.26	miR-92a	2.02	0.18	2.36
miR-493	2.78	0.00	13.49	miR-185	4.60	0.00	5.17	miR-374b	2.69	0.00	2.33
miR-22	3.31	0.00	12.69	miR-184	5.09	0.00	5.04	miR-429	2.36	0.00	2.26
miR-152	6.72	0.00	12.60	miR-21	5.68	0.00	4.90	miR-191	2.21	0.00	2.24
miR-376c	5.45	0.00	12.33	miR-331-3p	4.53	0.00	4.79	miR-744	2.08	0.18	2.23
miR-483-5p	3.42	0.00	12.12	miR-628-5p	2.74	0.00	4.71	miR-328	2.46	0.00	2.20
miR-543	5.14	0.00	12.11	miR-361-5p	2.01	0.18	4.58	miR-551b	2.45	0.00	2.20
miR-345	7.11	0.00	12.06	miR-200b*	2.32	0.00	4.36	miR-301a	2.35	0.00	2.13
miR-129-5p	3.11	0.00	11.82	miR-34a	2.11	0.00	4.20	miR-30c	2.97	0.00	2.09
miR-23b	6.10	0.00	11.70	miR-381	3.61	0.00	4.17	miR-195	1.91	0.18	2.09
miR-770-5p	2.96	0.00	11.62	miR-193b	4.17	0.00	4.02	miR-200a	1.93	0.18	2.07
miR-411*	2.46	0.00	10.89	miR-25	2.06	0.18	3.98	miR-26b	2.36	0.00	2.05
miR-495	5.89	0.00	10.84	miR-296-5p	2.44	0.00	3.93	miR-375	2.15	0.00	2.01
miR-182	3.27	0.00	9.80	miR-148b	2.86	0.00	3.77	miR-149	2.66	0.00	1.99
miR-154	3.00	0.00	9.30	miR-27a	3.94	0.00	3.67	miR-597	2.03	0.18	1.97
miR-99a	2.54	0.00	9.15	miR-203	3.41	0.00	3.62

The score (d) represents value of the T-statistic; a higher score means a greater difference between the two groups. Q-values correspond to the p-values adapted to the analysis of large number of genes. FC is the fold change of expression (β- vs α-cells).