Table 1.
Percentage of sedation use in different countries
| Country | Sedation | Propofol use | Benzodia-zepines alone use | Benzodiaze-pines plus opioids use | No. of nurses present during endoscopy | Pulse oximetry use | Supplemental oxygen use |
| Canada | 90% | 12% | always | 1 | |||
| Italy | 42.30% for ERCP (by anaesthesiologists) | 50.80% | 39.50% | 100% | By 39.3% of endoscopists | ||
| Greece | EGD: 64%; Colonoscopy: 78%; ERCP: 100%; EUS: 100% | 33.80% (in selected cases and only by anaesthesiologists) | 35.30% | 62.10% | 96% | ||
| United States | 98% | 25.70% | 74.30% | 98.60% | By 72.7% of endoscopists (in all EGDs) | ||
| Switzerland | 78% | 43% (regular use with or without the help of an anaesthesiologist) | Midazolam for the majority of endoscopies | 1 | 95% | ||
| Spain | EGD: 20%; Colonoscopy: 20%; ERCP: 100%; EGD: 74% | Only by anaesthesiologists | Only for EFD | Only for colonoscopies | 1 | 77% | |
| Germany | Colonoscopy: 87% | 74% | 82% | 35% | 97% | 34% |
ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; EFD: Energy flux density.