Table 1.
Microbiological status in tested facilities.
| Pathogens | Methods* | U.S. facilities | Domestic facilities | Breeders | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPF† | Conv† | SPF | Conv | A | B | C | ||
| Viruses | ||||||||
| Mouse hepatitis virus | E, I | 0/2‡ | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Sendai virus | E, I | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Bacteria and mycoplasma | ||||||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | C | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Clostridium piliforme | E, I | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Corynebacterium | C | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Helicobacter hepaticus | RT-PCR | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | C, E, I | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 1/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Pasteurella | C | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Salmonella spp. | C | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Parasites and protozoa | ||||||||
| Aspiculuris tetraptera | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 23/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Syphacia spp. | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 6/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Giardia muris | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Spironucleus muris | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 0/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Trichomonas spp. | M | 0/2 | 16/16 | 0/23 | 12/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Octomitus pulcher | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 1/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Entamoeba spp. | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 6/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Chilomastix spp. | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 3/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
| Ectoparasite | M | 0/2 | 0/16 | 0/23 | 5/55 | 0/10 | 0/10 | 0/10 |
*
C, culture; E, ELISA; I, indirect fluorescent antibody method; M, microscopic examination; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
†
SPF, specific pathogen-free; Conv, conventional.
‡
Number of positive/number of tested. Positive results are indicated in bold.