Figure 3. Eukaryotic DNA replication.
(a) Yardimci et al. immobilized bacteriophage λ DNA molecules (double-stranded DNA) on a surface[15]. To emulate the initiation of DNA replication at the G1 phase, they incubated the tethered DNA strands with the cytoplasmic fractions of egg extracts. (b) Next, they replaced the environment of the pre-replication complex with the nucleoplasmic fractions to emulate the G1-S transition. (c) Then, to visualize the distribution of the nascent duplication products, which was tagged with Digoxigenin, they washed their samples to remove cell extracts and introduced fluorescent antibodies against Digoxigenin. A glass surface is coated with polymer and layered with Streptavidin as shown in Figure 1.