TABLE 2—
Parameter Estimates (weighted) for Psychological Distress Among Californians Aged 18–70 Years in 2009
| Independent Variables | Model 1: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual, b (SE) | Model 2: Heterosexual, b (SE) | Model 3: Pooled Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Plus Heterosexual, b (SE) |
| Legal relationship status | |||
| Lesbian, gay, and bisexual same-sex marriedab | −1.55** (0.45) | −1.73*** (0.45) | |
| Lesbian, gay, and bisexual same-sex RDPab | −0.64 (0.52) | −0.99 (0.56) | |
| Lesbian, gay, and bisexual neither same-sex married nor RDP | … | … | |
| Heterosexual different-sex marriedbc | −0.84*** (0.11) | −1.88*** (0.31) | |
| Heterosexual not marriedbc | … | −1.05** (0.31) | |
| Control variables | |||
| Male | −1.03* (0.44) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.17* (0.08) |
| Asian or Asian Pacific Islanderd | 0.69 (0.68) | −0.41* (0.18) | −0.37* (0.18) |
| African Americand | −0.46 (0.80) | −0.07 (0.26) | −0.08 (0.25) |
| Hispanicd | −0.35 (0.95) | −0.74*** (0.13) | −0.71*** (0.15) |
| Other ethnicityd | −0.67 (0.66) | −0.25 (0.15) | −0.27 (0.15) |
| Age 30–39 ye | 0.42 (0.72) | −0.01 (0.17) | −0.00 (0.17) |
| Age 40–49 ye | −0.90 (0.68) | −0.12 (0.15) | −0.16 (0.15) |
| Age 50–59 ye | −1.77** (0.59) | −0.33* (0.16) | −0.36* (0.15) |
| Age 60–70 ye | −2.18*** (0.54) | −1.28*** (0.14) | −1.31*** (0.14) |
| High school educationf | −2.16 (1.53) | −0.61** (0.21) | −0.64** (0.20) |
| Some collegef | −2.68 (1.48) | −0.64** (0.20) | −0.70** (0.20) |
| College degree or abovef | −2.38 (1.59) | −0.73** (0.21) | −0.75** (0.21) |
| English primary language spoken at home | 1.38* (0.56) | −0.06 (0.12) | −0.00 (0.12) |
| Currently employed | −1.33** (0.43) | −0.52*** (0.11) | −0.53*** (0.11) |
| Currently has health insurance | 0.68 (0.61) | −0.21 (0.15) | −0.19 (0.14) |
| Lives in an urban area | 0.74 (0.49) | 0.25* (0.10) | 0.25** (0.09) |
| Household income below CA median | 0.70 (0.60) | 0.40*** (0.10) | 0.41*** (0.10) |
| Self-rated fair/poor health | 1.07 (0.63) | 2.29*** (0.14) | 2.26*** (0.13) |
| R2 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| F | 4.30*** | 33.35*** | 31.00*** |
| dfg | (20,60) | (19,61) | (22,58) |
a
Reference group for Model 1 = lesbian, gay, and bisexual neither same-sex married nor registered domestic partnership (RDP).
b
Reference group for Model 3 = lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons neither same-sex married nor RDP.
c
Reference group for Model 2 = heterosexual, not married.
d
Reference group = non-Hispanic White.
e
Reference group = age 18–29 years.
f
Reference group = < high school education.
g
df based on jackknife variance estimation, 80 replications.
*
P ≤ .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.