Table 3.

Predictors of inhaled corticosteroid adherence among individuals with asthma stratified by race.^*

	White individuals		African American individuals
	OR (95% CI)†	P value	OR (95% CI)†	P value
Age, years	1.37 (1.19, 1.59)	0.001	1.60 (1.07, 2.38)	0.022
Female, sex‡	0.82 (0.48, 1.40)	0.462	0.43 (0.16, 1.13)	0.086
Medical Hi story§
ED visits for asthma	0.97 (0.24, 3.91)	0.966	3.85 (2.05, 7.24)	0.001
Oral corticosteroid medication fills	0.89 (0.75, 1.05)	0.173	0.89 (0.68, 1.16)	0.398
Health Locus of Control¶
God/Higher power	0.89 (0.75, 1.04)	0.149	0.68 (0.47, 0.99)	0.044
Internal	0.92 (0.78, 1.08)	0.308	1.21 (0.90, 1.64)	0.208
Chance	1.12 (0.78, 1.61)	0.522	1.07 (0.69, 1.65)	0.759
Doctors (Powerful others)	1.44 (1.13, 1.85)	0.004	1.04 (0.70, 1.53)	0.860
Other People (Powerful others)	0.97 (0.85, 1.09)	0.580	0.93 (0.73, 1.19)	0.587

OR denotes odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; and ED, emergency department.

^*A11 models are predicting inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence defined as ≥80% use (adherent) and <80% use (non-adherent).

^†Odds ratio for ICS adherence for the variable shown adjusted for all other variables shown and the practice cluster (i.e., the group of physicians from whom the patient usually receives care).

^‡As compared with males.

^§Represents the number of asthma-related events in the 3-month window preceding date of the survey. Odds ratios represent the likelihood of being adherent for each increased number of event in the preceding 3-month period.

^¶Each health locus of control domain is scored using a Likert scale of values 1-6. Higher values represent a greater belief that that domain controls a patient's asthma. Odds ratios represent the likelihood of being adherent for each point increase in the Likert scale for that particular domain.