Table 1. Clinical characteristics of healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DNR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy subjects (PDR).
| Parameters | Data presentation mode | Variables |
HC |
DNR |
NPDR |
PDR |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=95) | (n=102) | (n=70) | (n=105) | ||||
| Sex |
Male |
51 (53.68%) |
55 (53.92%) |
39 (55.71%) |
57 (54.28%) |
0.9945 |
|
| Female |
44 (46.32%) |
47 (46.08%) |
31 (44.29%) |
48 (45.72%) |
|||
| Age (years) |
Mean±SD |
51.5±7.24 |
53.1±7.86 |
52±8.8 |
53.4±8.15 |
0.303 |
|
| Median (range) |
52(35-65) |
54(37-66) |
49(38-66) |
56(39-65) |
|||
| Duration of diabetes(years) |
Mean±SD |
———– |
17.9±5.76 |
16.6±5.8 |
17.2±6.58 |
0.38 |
|
| Median (range) |
———– |
18 (8-27) |
15 (8-29) |
14 (10-32) |
|||
| BMI (kg/m2) |
Mean±SD |
24.2±3.98 |
25.3±4.78 |
25.9±4.64 |
25.6±4.37 |
0.061 |
|
| Median (range) |
26 (18-29) |
27 (18-32) |
28 (19-31) |
28 (18-31) |
|||
| Blood pressure (mmHg) |
Mean±SD |
Systolic |
127.8±8.4 |
128.2±7.9 |
129.1±7.2 |
130±7.8 |
0.201 |
| Median (range) |
129 (110-140) |
130 (110-139) |
130 (110-139) |
131 (110-140) |
|||
| Mean±SD |
Diastolic |
81.4±6.95 |
82.2±6.5 |
82.7±6.8 |
83.5±6 |
0.146 |
|
| Median (range) |
85 (70-89) |
86 (70-90) |
86 (69-90) |
86 (70-90) |
|||
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) |
Mean±SD |
Fasting |
79±7.6 |
169±23.6 |
205.3±23.7 |
193.6±22.24 |
0.0001 |
| Median (range) |
78 (65-98) |
167 (129-235) |
207 (145-268) |
194 (146-256) |
|||
| Mean±SD |
Post Prandial |
114.3±9.9 |
238±27.2 |
308.6±37.4 |
289.3±32.6 |
0.0001 |
|
| Median (range) |
115 (80-134) |
232 (190-289) |
305 (247-370) |
286 (208-359) |
|||
| HbA1c % |
Mean±SD |
4.7±0.7 |
8.1±1.1 |
9.9±1.2 |
9.1±1.15 |
0.0001 |
|
| Median (range) | 4.8 (3.2-5.8) | 7.9 (6.1-11.2) | 10.1 (7.2-13) | 9.2 (6.9-12.9) |
Table indicates the comparison of different groups enrolled in the present study shows no statistically significant difference for sex distribution, age, duration of disease, BMI and blood pressure. The HbA1c % and blood glucose value (fasting and post prandial) were increased in NPDR and PDR groups compared to HC and DC subjects and statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference. Data were presented as Mean ± SD along with median (range). N indicates sample size. One way ANOVA test was done and p<0.05 was considered as minimum level of significance.