Table 3. Characteristics for persons with invasive pneumococcal disease before and after implementation of a PCV7 vaccination program, the Netherlands, June 2004–May 2010*.
| Characteristic |
No. (%) by infecting serotype and vaccination period† |
| All serotypes | PCV7 serotypes | Non–PCV7 serotypes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before (n = 1,216) |
After
(n = 1,144) |
p value |
|
Before(n = 565) |
After
(n = 268) |
p value |
|
Before (n = 650) |
After (n = 876) |
p value |
|
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
| Immunocompromising condition‡ | 216 (18) | 255 (22) | 0.013 | 88 (16) | 73 (27) | 0.001 | 128 (20) | 182 (21) | NS | ||
| Any comobidity§ | 817 (67) | 788 (69) | NS | 376 (67) | 190 (71) | NS | 441 (68) | 598 (68) | NS | ||
| Disease course/outcome | |||||||||||
| ICU admission | 258 (21) | 243 (21) | NS | 115 (20) | 60 (22) | NS | 143 (22) | 183 (21) | NS | ||
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) | 11.0 (7.0–18.0) | 9.0 (5.0–16.0) | <0.001 | 11.0 (7.0–18.0) | 9.0 (5.0–15.0) | <0.001 | 11.0 (7.0–19.0) | 10.0 (5.0–16.0) | <0.001 | ||
| Died | 194 (16) | 135 (12) | 0.003 | 92 (16) | 44 (16) | NS | 102 (16) | 91 (10) | 0.002 | ||
| Deaths/100,000 persons | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.000 | 1.3 | 1.1 | NS | ||
*Cases are number of patients included in a study covering ≈25% of the Dutch population. Boldface, significant difference (p<0.05) between pre- and post-implementation period as calculated by χ2 test (% of cases), Mann-Whitney U test (median days of hospitalization), or incidence rate ratio (mortality rate). PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; NS, not significant (p>0.05). †Data are no. (%) except as indicated in first column. Vaccination periods: before, pre-implementation period (June 2004–May 2006); after, late post-implementation period (June 2008–May 2010). ‡Immunocompromising condition: primary immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, solid organ or stem cell transplant, current immunosuppressive therapy for malignancy or autoimmune disease, asplenia/splenectomy, sickle cell disease, and renal insufficiency (dialysis required and nephrotic syndrome). §Any comorbidity: malignancies (within previous 5 y) not considered to be immunocompromising; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma; diabetes mellitus; myocardial infarction; coronary artery condition; stroke/transient ischemic attack; cardiomyopathy; heart failure; heart valve disease; presence of cerebral/abdominal/thoracic aneurysms; thyroid disease; liver disease; intravenous drug use; long-term alcohol abuse; cerebrospinal fluid leak; recent physical trauma/skull fracture; and, for children, premature birth (<37 weeks for children 0–1 y old and <32 weeks for children 0–4 y old).