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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Vitam Horm. 2011;86:217–237. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386960-9.00009-5

Table 1.

Local Production and Effects of 1,25D in the Respiratory Tract

Cell type Conversion of 25D → 1,25D 1.25D Effects References
Airway Epithelium Constitutive Increases CD14 and cathelicidin. Dampens IFN-β and chemokine response during viral infection Hansdottir et al.
Alveolar Macrophages Upon activation Increases the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin Liu et al.
Dendritic Cells Increases with differentiation Inhibits dendritic cell differentiation, maturation and function, decreases IL-12 and increases IL-10, alters T cell activation Fritsche et al., Sigmundsdottir et al., Piemonti et al., Penna et al
T lymphocytes At least when activated Inhibits proliferation, modulates cytokine production - inhibits Th1 and Th17 cytokines but induces Tregs Sigmundsdottir et al., Lemire et al., Daniel et al., Mora et al., Penna et al.
B lymphocytes Unclear Inhibits proliferation of activated B cells and generation of plasma cells Chen et al.
HHS Vulnerability Disclosure