|
[31]
|
2006 |
United States |
Cross sectional Case-control |
123 recently diagnosed SLE 240 controls |
Lower vitamin D levels is associated with a. presence of renal disease b. photosensitivity. |
OR 13.3, p<0.01 OR 12.9, p<0.01 |
|
[9]
|
2008 |
Spain |
Cross sectional Cohort |
92 SLE |
No relation was seen between vitamin D and disease duration, SLEDAI, SLICC-ACR or VAS indexes. |
|
|
[27]
|
2008 |
United States |
Cross sectional Cohort |
37 female SLE |
Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a. lower global assessment scores, However, levels of dsDNA were higher in the group with levels of vitamin D that were greater than 47.7 nmol/L |
p< or = 0.003p = 0.0069 |
|
[32]
|
2009 |
Canada |
Cross sectional Cohort |
124 SLE |
Vitamin D levels showed no correlation with bone mineral density |
p = 0.26 |
|
[15]
|
2009 |
Brazil |
Cross sectional Case-control |
36 SLE 26 controls |
Vitamin D level was associated witha. SLEDAI,b. osteocalcinc. bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. |
r = −0.65, p<0.001)r = 0.35r = −0.17, |
|
[10]
|
2009 |
United States |
Cross sectionalCohort |
181 female SLE |
Lower vitamin D levels were significantly associated with highera. diastolic blood pressureb. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,c. lipoprotein(a)d.fibrinogen levelse. self-reported hypertensionf. diabetes mellitusg. SLEDAIh. SLICC.With further adjustment for BMI, these associations were no longer significant. |
p = 0.034p = 0.013p = 0.024p = 0.000p = 0.016,OR 0.68p = 0.032, OR 0.49p = 0.001p = 0.003 |
|
[11]
|
2010 |
Spain |
Prospective cohort,those with low baseline vitamin D levels were supplemented with oral vitamin D(3) |
80 SLE |
Inverse significant correlations between vitamin D levels and the VAS(fatigue)Changes in vitamin D levels correlated with changes in the VAS in patients with baseline vitamin D levels <30 ng/mlNo significant correlationsbetween the vitamin D levels and:a. SLEDAIb. SDI |
p = 0.001p = 0.017p = 0.87p = 0.63 |
|
[16]
|
2010 |
Israel |
Cross sectionalCohort study |
378 SLE(European and Israeli patients) |
A significant negative correlation between the serum concentration of vitamin D and the SLEDAI-2K and ECLAM scales |
r = −0.12,p = 0.018. |
|
[17]
|
2011 |
Egypt |
Cross sectionalCase-control |
60 SLE60 controls |
Serum vitamin D levels were lower witha. increased SLEDAI score,b. frequency of photosensitivity |
OR: 2.72,p = 0.002OR: 3.6,p<0.01 |
|
[18]
|
2011 |
Iran |
Cross sectionalCohort study |
40 SLE |
Serum vitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with the BILAG index score.Vitamin D deficiency was associated witha. higher concentrations of liver enzymes,b. lower serum albumin and hemoglobin concentrationsc. higher titers of antibodies to double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA). |
r = −0.486,p = 0.001p<0.05p<0.05p<0.001 |
|
[25]
|
2011 |
United States |
Cross sectionalCase-control |
32 SLE32 controls |
Vitamin D deficiency was associated witha. higher B cell activationb. higher serum IFNalpha activity |
p = 0.009p = 0.02 |
|
[12]
|
2011 |
Korea |
Cross sectionalCase-control |
104 SLE49 controls |
The serum vitamin D levels, were positively correlated only witha. hemoglobinb. serum complement 3but not witha. SLEDAIb. SLICC |
beta = 0.256, p = 0.018beta = 0.365, p = 0.002beta = −0.04,p = 0.742beta = −0.052,p = 0.62 |
|
[19]
|
2011 |
Hungary |
Cross sectionalCohort |
177 SLE |
Reduced vitamin D levels were associated with :a. pericarditisb. neuropsychiatric diseasesc. deep vein thrombosisd. higher SLEDAI scoree. higher anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA autoantibody concentrations,f. higher anti-Smith antigen (anti-Sm) concentrationsg. lower C4 levelsh. higher immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentration |
p = 0.013p = 0.010p = 0.014p = 0.038p = 0.021p<0.001p = 0.027p = 0.034 |
|
[28]
|
2012 |
Australia |
Cross sectionalCase-control |
24 SLE21 controls |
Fatigue was not related to vitamin D status |
|
|
[13]
|
2012 |
Spain |
Cross sectionalCohort study |
73 SLE |
No correlation between vitamin D deficiency anda. SLEDAI scoreb. SLICC/ACR score |
p = 0.310p = 0.820 |
|
[14]
|
2012 |
Hong Kong |
Cross sectionalCohort study |
290 SLE |
Vitamin D correlated inversely and significantly witha. clinical SLE activityb. anti-C1qc. anti-dsDNA titers,d. but not with complement levels or damage scores. |
r = −0.26;p<0.001r = −0.14;p = 0.020r = −0.13;p = 0.020 |
|
[20]
|
2012 |
Hong Kong |
Cross sectionalCohort |
290 SLE |
Levels of vitamin D correlated inversely witha. PGA,b. total SLEDAI scoresvitamin D deficiency had significantly highera. total/high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol ratiob. prevalence of antiphospholipid syndromeNo association could be demonstrated between vitamin D level and atherosclerosis |
beta −0.20;p = 0.003beta −0.19;p = 0.003p = 0.02p = 0.007 |
|
[21]
|
2012 |
Malaysia |
ProspectiveCohort |
38premenopausal SLE |
There was a significant negative correlation between SLEDAI scores and vitamin D levels. |
p = 0.033 |
|
[26]
|
2012 |
Poland |
Cross sectionalCase-control |
49 SLE.49 controls |
Vitamin D deficiency was associated witha. renal diseaseb. leucopeniac. lower serum concentrations of IL-23) |
p = 0.006p = 0.047p = 0.037 |
|
[23]
|
2012 |
Brazil |
Cross sectionalCase control |
78 SLE64 controls |
No statistically significant association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following:a. disease activity (SLEDAI >6)b. fatiguec. anti-DNA |
p = 0.971p = 0.808p = 0.435 |
|
[22]
|
2012 |
UnitedKingdom |
Cross sectionalCohort |
75 SLE |
Patients with vitamin D deficiency had highera. BMIb. insulin resistance.c. SLEDAI-2KAortic stiffness was inversely associated with serum vitamin D independently of BMI, CVD risk factors and serum insulin.There was no association between vitamin D and carotid plaque and intima media thickness. |
p = 0.014p = 0.023p = 0.031beta = −0.0217p = 0.010 |
|
[29]
|
2012 |
UnitedStates |
Cross sectionalCohort |
51 SLE |
vitamin D levels inversely correlated with age-adjusted total plaque area. |
r = –0.33,p = 0.018 |
