Table 1. Summary of the changes in cytokine expression.

Up-regulated	IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, GM-CSF, MCP-1 MCP -2, MDC, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-3alpha, RANTES (CCL5), TNF alpha, IFN gamma, Gro
Down-regulated	IL-2, MIG (CXCL9)
Unchanged	ANG, BDNF, BLC, BMP-4, BMP-6, CKbeta 8-1, CNTF, EGF, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FGF-6, FGF-7, Flt-3 ligand, FKN, GCP-2, GCSF, GDNF, Gro alpha, I-309, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4, IGF-1, IL-1 alpha, IL-1ralpha, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, Leptin, LIGHT, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MIP-1delta, NAP-2, NT-3, PARC, PDGF-BB, SCF, SDF-1, TARC, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta3, TNF beta

Cytokine release was measured 24 hrs or 3 days after incubation of normal PBMCs with isu-peptide homopolymers alone or in the presence of a mitogen, respectively. The full name of the abbreviated molecules is given in Supplementary Table S4.