Profile of batch cultivation of lysine-producing C. glutamicum ATCC 13287. (A) Volumetric carbon dioxide production rate (QCO2), concentrations of glucose and citrate, and CDM. (B) Concentrations of methionine, threonine, and lysine. (C) Concentrations of glycine, alanine, and valine. (D) Concentrations of glycerol, dihydroxyacetone, and acetate. The beginning of the lysine production phase is marked by a vertical line.