TABLE 4.

Expression profiles of genes of central carbon and energy metabolism during batch cultivation of lysine-producing C. glutamicum ATCC 13287^a

Enzyme	EC no.	Expression (relative level ± SD) at indicated time
		5.63 h	6.22 h	6.48 h	6.75 h	6.85 h	7.02 h	7.25 h	7.73 h
PTS uptake
Glucose-specific IIABC component	2.7.1.69	0.93 ± 0.03	1.77 ± 0.18	1.43 ± 0.05	1.04 ± 0.10	0.90 ± 0.04	0.98 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.01
β-Glycoside permease IIABC		0.57 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.07	1.63 ± 0.08	1.25 ± 0.13	1.06 ± 0.04	1.16 ± 0.08	1.02 ± 0.09	0.83 ± 0.02
Glycolysis
G6P isomerase	5.3.1.9	0.72 ± 0.02	1.53 ± 0.07	1.14 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.05	0.69 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.02
6-Phosphofructokinase	2.7.1.11	1.30 ± 0.00	1.30 ± 0.09	0.88 ± 0.08	0.92 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.01	1.18 ± 0.11	1.08 ± 0.08	1.26 ± 0.03
FBP aldolase	4.1.2.13	1.36 ± 0.06	1.70 ± 0.22	1.08 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.16	1.11 ± 0.15	0.87 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.02
TP isomerase	5.3.1.1	0.99 ± 0.24	1.42 ± 0.11	1.43 ± 0.06	1.22 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.01	1.10 ± 0.08	0.94 ± 0.04	0.82 ± 0.05
GA3P DH	11.2.1.12	0.83 ± 0.01	1.37 ± 0.18	1.05 ± 0.08	1.00 ± 0.17	0.96 ± 0.06	0.99 ± 0.05	1.08 ± 0.06	1.12 ± 0.03
Pyruvate DH	1.2.2.2	1.62 ± 0.08	1.33 ± 0.08	1.47 ± 0.09	1.49 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.03	1.12 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.06	0.84 ± 0.14
TCA cycle
Citrate synthase	4.1.3.7	2.09 ± 0.16	1.17 ± 0.03	1.04 ± 0.01	0.91 ± 0.15	0.76 ± 0.01	0.74 ± 0.00	0.78 ± 0.09	0.57 ± 0.04
Isocitrate DH	1.1.1.42	1.56 ± 0.01	1.33 ± 0.09	1.55 ± 0.15	1.18 ± 0.10	1.16 ± 0.05	1.17 ± 0.10	0.94 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.02
Oxoglutarate DH E1 unit	1.2.4.2	2.62 ± 0.14	0.99 ± 0.07	1.03 ± 0.11	0.74 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.15	0.78 ± 0.05	0.68 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.03
SucCoA synthetase α-chain	6.2.1.5	0.70 ± 0.02	1.40 ± 0.03	1.83 ± 0.50	1.34 ± 0.13	0.80	1.49 ± 0.37	ND	0.83 ± 0.04
Malate DH (cytoplasmic)	1.1.137	0.49 ± 0.02	1.00 ± 0.08	1.17 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.06	1.00 ± 0.17	0.96 ± 0.05	0.94 ± 0.04	1.14 ± 0.11
Malate DH (membrane bound)	1.1.99.16	1.96 ± 0.97	1.05 ± 0.07	1.13 ± 0.14	1.20 ± 0.25	2.06 ± 0.20	1.38 ± 0.01	1.24 ± 0.07	1.10 ± 0.10
PPP
G6P DH	1.1.1.49	5.41	1.76 ± 0.12	0.80 ± 0.09	0.89 ± 0.30	1.09 ± 0.19	0.86 ± 0.03	1.00 ± 0.01	1.46 ± 0.06
6-Phosphogluconate DH	1.1.1.44	1.38 ± 0.11	0.94 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.04	0.80 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.06	0.92 ± 0.03	1.18 ± 0.06
Transaldolase	2.2.1.2	1.70 ± 0.13	1.14 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.06	0.75 ± 0.09	0.83 ± 0.05	0.92 ± 0.01	1.04 ± 0.01	1.21 ± 0.05
Transketolase	2.2.1.1	2.15 ± 0.15	1.50 ± 0.15	0.81 ± 0.03	0.67 ± 0.01	0.81 ± 0.02	0.76 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.05	0.88 ± 0.09
Anaplerosis
Pyruvate carboxylase	6.4.1.1	1.99 ± 0.31	1.63 ± 0.02	1.23 ± 0.13	0.98 ± 0.15	1.56	1.27 ± 0.01	ND	ND
PEP carboxylase	4.1.1.31	2.03 ± 0.72	1.81 ± 0.02	1.53 ± 0.04	1.06 ± 0.10	1.15 ± 0.15	0.90 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.05	0.80 ± 0.03
PEP carboxykinase	4.1.1.32	4.25 ± 3.40	1.84 ± 0.04	1.12 ± 0.03	1.10 ± 0.37	1.11 ± 0.04	1.11 ± 0.17	1.21 ± 0.22	1.29 ± 0.06
Malic enzyme	1.1.1.39	0.69 ± 0.01	1.12 ± 0.04	1.16 ± 0.00	1.11 ± 0.12	0.99 ± 0.13	0.96 ± 0.06	1.11 ± 0.23	0.86 ± 0.01
Isocitrate lyase	4.1.3.1	3.83 ± 1.01	1.30 ± 0.04	0.93 ± 0.08	0.66 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.08	0.54 ± 0.02
Malate synthase	4.1.3.2	2.12 ± 0.11	2.41 ± 0.59	1.28 ± 0.01	0.75 ± 0.00	0.87	ND	ND	ND
ATP formation
ATP synthase α-chain	3.6.1.34	4.11 ± 0.65	1.65 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.04	0.58 ± 0.07	0.52 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.05	0.59 ± 0.05
Respiratory chain
Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 1	1.9.3.1	0.62 ± 0.06	0.65 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.03	1.03 ± 0.01	1.14 ± 0.05	1.27 ± 0.07	1.73 ± 0.11	1.43 ± 0.04

^aGene expression is shown for different time points of the cultivation relating to growth phase (5.63 h), phase shift (6.22, 6.48, 6.75, and 6.85 h), and lysine production (7.02, 7.25, and 7.73 h) and is expressed as relative expression with the deviation between two replicate measurements, except for measurements where only one value was available. ND, not detected.