Figure 1. The effects of floaters and wing clipping of breeding Thick-billed Murres.

a. Residual on chick age of chick mass, relative to residuals at the start of the experiment; b. Energy delivery rates, c. Plasma neutral lipids at six days and d. mass loss per week of parental thick-billed murres at Coats Island 2003–2005. All values are shown relative to control birds (average for experimental birds across all individuals – average for control birds across all individuals with the same sex) and SE bars include total SE_T propagated from control SE_C and experimental SE_E using SE_T ² = SE_C ²+ SE_E ². Statistical results are shown in Table 3. Females shown in black and white (left side of each graph); males shown in grey and white (right side of each graph).