Table 3. Values of (± SE) and statistical variation (GLM) in response variables of parental thick-billed murres at Coats Island relative to the independent variables of year, sex and handicap.
| df | First year1 | Second year1 | F(P) | Male | Female | F(P) | Wing-clipped | Two floaters | Floater | Control | F(P) | F5(P) | F6(P) | F7(P) | F8(P) | R2 | |
| Dive depth (m) | 1,17 | 46.2±7.2 | 53.6±3.2 | 1.11 (0.31) | 48.2±8.2 | 54.5±9.0 | 0.34 (0.57) | 42.1±5.7 | 73.2±6.2 | 10.9 (0.004) | 1.78 (0.2) | 0.62 (0.44) | 0.73 (0.40) | 0.07 (0.79) | 0.79 (0.30) | ||
| Dive duration (s) | 1,17 | 42.1±3.4 | 44.2±4.6 | 1.71 (0.21) | 38.6±3.8 | 44.6±4.0 | 1.32 (0.27) | 37.2±1.6 | 62.2±2.1 | 9.21 (0.008) | 2.34 (0.14) | 0.55 (0.47) | 0.64 (0.43) | 0.05 (0.83) | 0.80 (0.30) | ||
| Surface pause (s) | 1,17 | 0.5±5.2 | −3.2±8.6 | 1.04 (0.32) | 1.2±2.1 | −2.0±3.7 | 0.22 (0.65) | −10.4±6.0 | 12.2±5.2 | 18.1 (0.001) | 3.21 (0.09) | 1.21 (0.29) | 1.58 (0.23) | 0.26 (0.62) | 0.84 (0.26) | ||
| Time underwater (min) | 1,17 | 194±16 | 201±13 | 0.77 (0.39) | 196±14 | 207±10 | 0.84 (0.37) | 171±19 | 221±11 | 14.5 (0.001) | 1.99 (0.18) | 0.75 (0.40) | 0.89 (0.36) | 0.08 (0.78) | 0.82 (0.27) | ||
| Delivery rate (kJ/d) | 1,53 | 162±12 | 195±18 | 1.83 (0.18) | 129±21 | 198±26 | 195±19 | 13.8 (<0.001) | 3.65 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.29) | |||||||
| P:Delivery rate (kJ/d) | 1,53 | 163±15 | 208±17 | 2.78 (0.10) | 202±18 | 195±13 | 195±19 | 4.01 (0.05) | 1.56 (0.22) | 0.22 (0.69) | |||||||
| Lipid delivery rate (g/d) | 1,53 | 2.38±0.18 | 2.82±0.29 | 1.39 (0.24) | 1.80±0.28 | 2.85±0.31 | 3.14±0.64 | 9.71 (0.003) | 4.25 (0.04) | 0.76 (0.33) | |||||||
| P:Lipid delivery rate (g/d) | 1,53 | 2.99±0.25 | 3.25±0.25 | 1.22 (0.27) | 3.56±0.18 | 3.10±0.22 | 3.14±0.64 | 3.37 (0.07) | 1.33 (0.25) | 0.16 (0.74) | |||||||
| Chick growth (g) | 1,63 | −0.65±3.48 | 2.19±2.37 | 0.57 (0.45) | −2.87±6.41 | −3.38±3.32 | −2.08±3.25 | 7.74±3.74 | 13.1 (<0.001) | 6.93 (0.01) | 0.85 (0.26) | ||||||
| Mass loss (g/week)2 | 1,45 | −19.1±6.2 | −19.6±14.9 | 0.30 (0.59) | −17.8±6.1 | −20.4±10.4 | 0.19 (0.67) | −14.4±13.5 | −28.3±7.1 | −23.1±6.0 | −16.2±5.7 | 0.60 (0.44) | 1.01 (0.32) | 0.42 (0.52) | 0.69 (0.41) | 0.05 (0.82) | 0.08 (0.82) |
| Mass loss (g/week) 3 | 1,32 | −37.1±5.5 | −37.9±6.3 | 0.24 (0.63) | −20.4±10.4 | −47.4±7.4 | 100.8 (<0.001) | −16.0±20.1 | −52.1±6.2 | −45.8±11.7 | −33.0±7.5 | 20.5 (<0.001) | 1.04 (0.32) | 0.33 (0.57) | 0.38 (0.54) | 0.91 (0.35) | 0.88 (0.22) |
| CORT (ng/mL)2 | 1,13 | −0.12±0.21 | −0.18±0.12 | 1.03 (0.33) | −0.18±0.14 | −0.13±0.15 | 0.90 (0.36) | 0.20 (0.66) | 0.07 (0.83) | ||||||||
| CORT (ng/mL)3 | 1,13 | −0.82±0.22 | −0.38±0.23 | 2.5 (0.14) | −0.62±0.17 | −0.63±0.17 | 0.24 (0.63) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.06 (0.44) | ||||||||
| Neutral lipid (g/L)2 | 1,23 | 0.22±0.13 | 0.11±0.04 | 0.01 (0.92) | 0.24±0.04 | 0.16±0.09 | 0.16±0.14 | 0.76 (0.39) | 6.87 (0.02) | 0.54 (0.48) | |||||||
| Neutral lipid (g/L)3 | 1,8 | −0.12±0.12 | 0.51±0.75 | 0.97 (0.35) | −0.22±0.20 | −0.32±0.23 | 0.24±0.22 | 0.81 (0.39) | 1.72 (0.23) | 0.12 (0.77) | |||||||
| Total lipid (g/L)2 | 1,23 | −0.41±0.63 | −0.03±0.58 | 0.01 (0.92) | −1.18±0.61 | −0.74±0.59 | .0.32±0.59 | 0.06 (0.81) | 1.70 (0.21) | 0.09 (0.81) | |||||||
| Total lipid (g/L)3 | 1,6 | −1.22±0.59 | 0.84±0.95 | 0.81 (0.40) | −2.17±4.17 | −1.29±1.47 | −0.31±0.58 | 1.10 (0.33) | 1.61 (0.25) | 0.11 (0.79) | |||||||
| Resighting (+3 years) | 56% | 65% | (0.31) | 60% | 60% | (0.22) 4 | 40% | 55% | 65% | (0.04) 4 |
P = partners of handicapped birds. Note that adult blood sample analyses were not obtained in 2004 and adult delivery rates were not obtained in 2003. Statistically significant relationships are shown in bold (post-hoc t-test). Surface pauses and chick growth are residuals on dive duration and chick age, respectively.
The first year of experimentation was 2003 and the second year of experimentation was 2004 for all experiments except the dive experiments. The first year of experimentation was 2004 and the second year of experimentation was 2005 for the dive experiments.
Day 6 after attachment of handicaps.
Day 12 after attachment of handicaps.
P-values from Fisher’s exact tests.
Interaction between sex and experiment.
Interaction between sex and year.
Interaction between year and experiment.
Three-way interaction.