iNOS and IP-10 levels measured in vitro by real-time quantitative PCR. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were infected with M. tuberculosis (MOI of 3:1) for 3 days (M.tb), treated with 1 ng of IFN-γ/ml for 2 h (IFN-γ), or both (IFN-γ+M.tb). All experiments were repeated three to five times. Levels of IP-10 were significantly increased in THP-1 cells after M. tuberculosis or IFN-γ treatment (#, P ≤ 0.03), and the combination resulted in a further increase (§, P ≤ 0.005 compared to results with no treatment, TB treatment, or IFN-γ treatment). Values were corrected for GAPDH expression and are expressed as means ± SEM. ‡, P = 0.03 compared to results with IFN-γ.