Table 4.
Concentration of toxic metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As) in tablets compared to maximum accepted level, and daily intake (DI) as recommended on tablet label and compared to recommended daily allowance and permitted levels
| Sample ID | Pb (μg/g) | DI* (μg/day) Pb | Hg (μg/g) | DI* (μg/day) Hg | Cd (μg/g) | DI* (μg/day) Cd | As (μg/g) | DI* (μg/day) As |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V1 |
0.125 |
0.43 |
0.014 |
0.048 |
2.333 |
7.889 |
0.514 |
1.700 |
| V2 |
0.161 |
0.12 |
0.015 |
0.011 |
0.552 |
0.401 |
0.095 |
0.069 |
| V3 |
0.269 |
0.34 |
0.026 |
0.033 |
2.510 |
3.125 |
0.075 |
0.094 |
| VM1 |
0.126 |
0.09 |
0.035 |
0.024 |
2.914 |
2.001 |
0.477 |
0.345 |
| VM2 |
0.074 |
0.12 |
0.022 |
0.036 |
2.554 |
4.208 |
0.514 |
0.848 |
| VM3 |
0.074 |
0.07 |
0.021 |
0.021 |
0.881 |
0.871 |
1.621 |
1.800 |
| VM4 |
0.044 |
0.02 |
0.011 |
0.005 |
2.621 |
1.300 |
0.608 |
0.304 |
| VM5 |
0.086 |
0.13 |
0.550 |
0.831 |
0.319 |
0.482 |
0.115 |
0.174 |
| VM6 |
0.098 |
0.15 |
0.065 |
0.098 |
2.205 |
3.058 |
0.097 |
0.147 |
| VM7 |
0.045 |
0.07 |
0.045 |
0.072 |
2.131 |
3.431 |
0.606 |
0.310 |
| VM8 |
0.092 |
0.12 |
0.075 |
0.101 |
2.446 |
3.302 |
0.065 |
0.088 |
| VM9 |
0.067 |
0.10 |
0.115 |
0.173 |
2.326 |
3.489 |
0.254 |
0.381 |
| VM10 |
0.132 |
0.10 |
0.065 |
0.047 |
2.227 |
1.626 |
1.095 |
0.796 |
| VM11 |
0.067 |
0.29 |
0.038 |
0.166 |
1.921 |
8.371 |
0.086 |
0.375 |
| VM12 |
0.077 |
0.28 |
0.025 |
0.091 |
1.633 |
5.911 |
0.045 |
0.163 |
| VM13 |
0.096 |
0.14 |
0.082 |
0.114 |
0.107 |
0.152 |
0.574 |
0.815 |
| M1 |
0.071 |
0.22 |
0.093 |
0.278 |
0.821 |
2.537 |
0.013 |
0.038 |
| M2 |
0.029 |
0.04 |
0.055 |
0.072 |
2.516 |
3.271 |
0.034 |
0.045 |
| M3 |
0.071 |
0.27 |
0.044 |
0.167 |
1.820 |
6.916 |
0.057 |
0.217 |
| M4 |
0.41 |
1.29 |
0.078 |
0.249 |
0.222 |
0.638 |
0.014 |
0.046 |
| M5 |
0.012 |
0.05 |
0.015 |
0.066 |
2.139 |
9.433 |
0.068 |
0.300 |
| M6 |
0.13 |
0.25 |
0.025 |
0.049 |
2.534 |
4.850 |
0.035 |
0.068 |
| M7 |
0.097 |
0.13 |
0.044 |
0.054 |
0.196 |
0.143 |
0.066 |
0.089 |
| H1 |
0.206 |
0.14 |
0.121 |
0.083 |
2.551 |
1.760 |
0.047 |
0.034 |
| H2 |
0.109 |
0.14 |
0.255 |
0.329 |
1.493 |
1.922 |
0.055 |
0.071 |
| H3 |
0.039 |
0.02 |
0.095 |
0.049 |
0.143 |
0.074 |
0.466 |
0.242 |
| H4 |
0.247 |
0.16 |
0.085 |
0.055 |
0.540 |
0.351 |
0.699 |
0.454 |
| H5 |
0.269 |
0.21 |
0.351 |
0.270 |
2.473 |
1.902 |
0.012 |
0.009 |
| H6 |
0.029 |
0.02 |
0.243 |
0.175 |
0.294 |
0.288 |
0.023 |
0.017 |
| H7 |
0.005 |
0.01 |
0.027 |
0.020 |
0.834 |
0.609 |
0.032 |
0.023 |
| H8 |
0.045 |
0.02 |
0.011 |
0.006 |
0.599 |
0.317 |
0.076 |
0.040 |
| H9 |
0.271 |
0.09 |
0.098 |
0.031 |
0.096 |
0.031 |
0.056 |
0.018 |
| H10 |
0.058 |
0.03 |
0.011 |
0.005 |
0.086 |
0.042 |
0.022 |
0.011 |
| MAL** |
0.5 a |
|
1.5 a |
|
2.5 a |
|
0.15 a |
|
| PDE† |
|
5 a |
|
15 a |
|
25 a |
|
1.5 a |
| RDA/FDA‡ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| WHO/FAO‡‡ | 21.4 b | 3.42 c | 6 d | 10 e |
*DI: daily intake calculated from mass of tablet and labeled recommended tablets per day.
**MAL: Maximum accepted levels of metals in Tablets (μg/g)according to US Pharmacopeia (USP).
†PDE: Permitted Daily exposure (μg/day) according to US Pharmacopeia (USP) for 50 kg body weight.
‡RDA: Recommended daily allowance after FDA [6].
‡‡WHO/FAO : Permissible daily intake calculated from using provisional tolerable intake and body weight of 60 kg and 10% due to dietary supplements [35].