Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and functional capacities of participants
| Characteristics | Intervention (n = 57) | Control (n = 35) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
| Men |
9 (15.8) |
8 (22.9) |
0.419a |
| Women |
48 (84.2) |
27 (77.1) |
|
|
Age in years, mean ± SD |
74.3 ± 5.9 |
74.3 ± 5.0 |
0.969c |
|
BMI, mean ± SD |
24.3 ± 2.7 |
24.3 ± 3.1 |
0.941c |
|
Preexisting conditions, n (%) |
20 (35.1) |
11 (31.4) |
0.718a |
| Hypertension |
16 (28.1) |
9 (25.7) |
0.805a |
| Diabetes mellitus |
4 (7.0) |
2 (5.7) |
1.000b |
| Joint pain (arthritis) |
3 (5.3) |
2 (5.7) |
1.000b |
| Heart disease |
4 (7.0) |
4 (11.4) |
0.474b |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
1 (1.8) |
0 (0.0) |
1.000b |
|
Have experienced falls, n (%) |
7 (12.3) |
5 (14.3) |
0.762b |
|
Lifestyle |
|
|
|
| Ability to walk 1 km (yes, n (%)) |
52 (91.2) |
31 (88.6) |
0.727b |
| Hobby activity (yes, n (%)) |
48 (84.2) |
28 (80.0) |
0.605a |
| Volunteer activity (yes, n (%)) |
49 (86.0) |
30 (85.7) |
1.000b |
| Older adult’s group activity (yes, n (%)) |
47 (82.5) |
29 (82.6) |
0.961a |
| Friendly conversation with neighbors |
45 (78.9) |
27 (77.1) |
0.839a |
| (2 days or more/w, n (%)) |
|
|
|
| Going out (2 days or more/w, n (%)) |
56 (98.2) |
34 (97.1) |
1.000b |
|
Appetite (yes, n (%)) |
55 (96.5) |
32 (91.4) |
0.365b |
|
Food Frequency Score (FFS), mean ± SD |
21.5 ± 3.7 |
21.1 ± 5.3 |
0.690c |
|
Dietary Variety Score (DVS), mean ± SD |
4.2 ± 2.3 |
3.9 ± 2.9 |
0.577c |
|
TMG-Index of competence, mean ± SD |
12.4 ± 1.1 |
11.9 ± 1.4 |
0.062c |
| Instrumental self-maintenance, mean ± SD |
4.9 ± 0.2 |
4.9 ± 0.3 |
0.538c |
| Intellectual activity, mean ± SD |
3.7 ± 0.6 |
3.8 ± 0.5 |
0.792c |
| Social roles, mean ± SD |
3.8 ± 0.5 |
3.3 ± 1.1 |
0.014c |
|
Self-rated health, n (%) |
|
|
0.657d |
| Very good |
7 (12.3) |
3 (8.6) |
|
| Good |
41 (71.9) |
26 (74.3) |
|
| Not good | 9 (15.8) | 6 (17.1) |
SD Standard deviations.
Chi-square testa or Fisher's exact testb for proportional variables.
Student’s t-testc for continuous variables.
Mann-Whitney’s U testd for categorical variables.