Table 5.
Secondary outcomes in the crossover intervention group
| Outcomes | mean ± SD | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TMIG Index of Competence |
Pre |
|
12.0 ± 1.7 |
|
0.869a |
| Post |
|
12.0 ± 1.6 |
|
|
|
|
Self-maintenance |
Pre |
|
4.7 ± 0.2 |
|
0.326a |
| Post |
|
5.0 ± 0.0 |
|
|
|
|
Intellectual activity |
Pre |
|
3.9 ± 0.7 |
|
0.083a |
| Post |
|
3.7 ± 0.6 |
|
|
|
|
Social roles |
Pre |
|
3.2 ± 1.4 |
|
0.846a |
| |
Post |
|
3.2 ± 1.2 |
|
|
| |
|
yes, n (%)f |
P |
||
|
Appetite |
Pre |
28(96.6) |
1.000a |
||
| |
Post |
28(96.6) |
|
||
| |
|
Very good, n (%) |
Good, n (%) |
Not good, n (%) |
P |
|
Self-rated health |
Pre |
1 (3.4) |
23 (79.3) |
5 (17.2) |
0.025b |
| Post | 5 (17.2) | 20 (69.0) | 4 (13.8) | ||
TMIG Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, SD standard deviation.
aPaired t-test for within-groups difference of continuous variables.
bWilcoxon signed-rank test for within-groups difference of categorical variables.