Figure 8.

Schematic representation of retinoid signaling in SALS. Increased nuclear localization of RARβ occurs in SALS. Nuclear CRABP-II and cytoplasmic RARα localization were also observed. Signaling through RARβ in vitro was neuroprotective in the presence of oxidative stress. Processes shown to be mediated by the RARs are provided as potential downstream targets mediating this protection. Pharmacologic agents that stimulate RARβ may be promising therapeutic targets that could delay or prevent motor neuron cell death in ALS.