Table 2.
Echocardiographic parameters of patient and control groups.
| Control (n=33) | Patient (n=57) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF (%) | 69 [64–73] | 72 [65–75] | 0.380 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 46.6±6.4 | 46.1±5.0 | 0.633 |
| LVESD (mm) | 29.7±4.7 | 29.9±4.2 | 0.866 |
| IVSD (mm) | 11 [10–12] | 12 [10–13] | 0.317 |
| PWD (mm) | 9 [9–11] | 11 [10–12] | 0.003 |
| Left atrium diameter (mm) | 34.7±4.1 | 38.1±5.3 | 0.002 |
| Left ventricular mass index (gr/m2) | 96.0±19.0 | 99.5±20.4 | 0.424 |
| Ps/Pd | 1.29±0.34 | 1.07±0.30 | 0.002 |
| E (cm/sec) | 62.27±14.69 | 75.67±18.85 | 0.001 |
| A (cm/sec) | 75.48±21.95 | 83.07±22.30 | 0.121 |
| E/A | 0.79 [0.65–1.04] | 0.85 [0.76–1.00] | 0.273 |
| DT (msec) | 224±46 | 218±45 | 0.519 |
| IVRT (msec) | 88±17 | 96±25 | 0.355 |
| Lateral | |||
| Sm (cm/sec) | 9.22±2.03 | 8.92±2.17 | 0.524 |
| Em (cm/sec) | 10.69±1.87 | 8.69±2.00 | <0.001 |
| Am (cm/sec) | 11.88±2.35 | 11.74±3.19 | 0.828 |
| Em/Am | 0.87 [0.74–1.02] | 0.71 [0.63–0.86] | 0.006 |
| E/Em | 5.70 [5.05–6.83] | 8.47 [6.96–10.47] | <0.001 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 9.00 [8.00–10.50] | 12.00 [10.50–15.00] | <0.001 |
| Septal | |||
| Sm (cm/sec) | 8.18±1.36 | 7.63±1.60 | 0.100 |
| Em (cm/sec) | 8.91±1.22 | 6.65±1.58 | <0.001 |
| Am (cm/sec) | 10.78±1.57 | 10.34±2.52 | 0.367 |
| Em/Am | 0.82 [0.70–0.91] | 0.63 [0.57–0.72] | <0.001 |
| E/Em | 7.05±1.67 | 11.90±3.84 | <0.001 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 10.00 [9.00–12.00] | 16.00 [13.00–18.50] | <0.001 |
| E/Em mean | 6.40±1.48 | 10.30±3.48 | <0.001 |
| PCWP mean (mmHg) | 10.00 [9.00–11.00] | 14.00 [12.00–16.00] | <0.001 |
LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD – left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD – left ventricular end-systolic dimension; IVSD – interventricular septal dimension; PWD – posterior wall dimension; Ps/Pd – ratio of peak systolic velocity and peak anterograd diastolic velocity of pulmonary venous flow; E – peak velocity of early diastolic filling; A – peak velocity of late filling; DT – deceleration time of the E-wave velocity; IVRT – isovolumetric relaxation time; Sm – peak systolic mitral annular velocity; Em – early diastolic mitral annular velocity; Am – late diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/Em – early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio; PCWP – pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Data are shown as mean ± SD, median [interquartile range].