Table 1.

A list of selenoproteins and the health benefit suggested through either cell culture studies, animal studies or human clinical trials.

Selenoprotein	Suggested Health Benefit by Study Design	Reference
GPx1	Antioxidant
	Cell Culture Studies
	Protects human cells from UV-induced DNA damage	19
	Animal Studies
	Protects mice from colon cancer	20
	Protects rodents from chemical toxicity	24,25
	Protects mice from viral associated cardiomyopathy	26
	Human Clinical Trials
	Protects stressed neurons in Parkinson’s Disease	23
GPx2	Antioxidant
	Cell Culture Studies
	Reduces metastatic properties of human cancer cells	5
	Animal Studies
	Protects mice from intestinal cancer	4
GPx3	Antioxidant
	Human Clinical Trials
	Protects people from cerebral clots and stroke	39–42
	Protects people from atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease	43–45
GPx4	Antioxidant
	Animal Studies
	Protects mice from Parkinson’s-like neurodegeneration	29–31
	Supports normal brain development in mice	32–34
	Prevents developmental neurological defects in mice	48,49
	Human Clinical Trials
	Vital for sperm production, motility and fertility in men	46,47
TR1	Antioxidant
	Cell Culture Studies
	Inhibits HIV replication in human macrophages	60
	Animal Studies
	Required for live birth in mice	50
TR2	Antioxidant
	Animal Studies
	Required for live birth in mice	50
D2	Thyroid Function
	Animal Studies
	Maintains healthy metabolic rate in mice	54, 55
Sel N	Antioxidant
	Animal Studies
	Supports normal muscle development in mice	51
Sel P	Antioxidant
	Animal Studies
	Prevents neurodegeneration	35
	Prevents infertility in mice	58
	Human Clinical Trials
	Prevents cancers in humans	6, 7
	Protects humans from Alzheimer’s Disease	38
Sel T	Unknown
	Cell Culture Studies
	Supports neurite/nerve formation in rodent neuronal cells	52
SPS2	Synthesis of all other selenoproteins
	Human Clinical Trials
	Maintains healthy metabolic rate in humans	33