Table 1.
Bacterial proteases and their characteristics (AMPs antimicrobial peptides, FNBP fibronectin-binding protein, HF Hageman factor, IL interleukin, PAR protease-activated receptor, PK plasma prekalikrein, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes, SSSS staphylococcal scaled-skin syndrome, VL vascular leakage, MEROPS MEROPS peptidase database http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/databases/merops.html)
| Bacteria | Protease | MEROPS data (MEROPS ID/protease name/protease family) | Target | Process |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | SepA | M04.009/aureolysin/M4 | AMPs | Colonisation |
| Ecp | C47.003/ecp paptidase/C47 | Elastin; fibrinogen and fibronectin | Connective tissue destruction | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ssp (V8), serine protease | S01.269/glutamyl peptidase I/S1 | FNBP | Bacterial adhesion |
| Desmoglein 1 | Cell–cell adhesion | |||
| Aureolysin (aur), metalloprotease | M04.009/aureolysin/M4 | Surface proteins Atl, Bap and SasG | Biofilm | |
| LL37 | Colonisation | |||
| Target unknown | Intracellular survival | |||
| C3b; C5a | Complement inactivation | |||
| Epidermolytic toxins (ETs) | S01.270/exfoliatin A/S1 | Desmoglein 1 | Cell–cell adhesion, SSSS | |
| Spl | S01.503;S01.282;S01.283/SplA;SplB;SplC/S1 | Surface proteins Atl, Bap and SasG | Biofilm | |
| Staphopain B (SspB), cystein protease | C47.002/staphopain B/C47 | CD11b; CD31 | PMN | |
| Chemerin | Chemotaxis | |||
| Cystatins: C, D, E/M | ||||
| Elastin | Connective tissue destruction | |||
| Kininogens | VL | |||
| Staphopain A (ScpA), cystein protease | C47.001/staphopain A/C47 | Kininogens | VL | |
| Cystatins: C, D, E/M | ||||
| Elastin | Connective tissue destruction | |||
| Finegoldia magna | Subtilisin-like serine protease (SufA) | S08.138/SufA peptidase/S8 | LL37 | Colonisation |
| MIG/CXCL9 | Chemotaxis | |||
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Streptopain (SpeB), streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B | C10.001/streptopain/C10 | LL37 | Colonisation |
| Mitochondria | Inactivation of PMN mitochondria | |||
| Intracellular survival | ||||
| C3; properdin | Complement system inhibition | |||
| Streptolysin S | - | E-cadherin | Skin penetration | |
| IdeS | C66.001/IdeS peptidase/C66 | IgG | Opsonophagocytosis | |
| ScpC | S08.027/cell envelope proteinase A/S8 | IL-8 | ||
| Propionibacterium acnes | Exogenous proteases | - | PAR-2 | |
| Serratia marcescens | Serralysin | M10.051/serralysin/M10 | PAR-2 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | LepA | - | PAR-1, -2, -4 IL-8 secretion | PMN infiltration |
| Metalloproteinase elastase | M04.005/pseudolysin/M4 | Elastin; fibrinogen and fibronectin | Connective tissue destruction | |
| HF and PK activation | VL | |||
| LL37 | Colonisation | |||
| Enterococcus faecalis | Gelatinase | M04.007/coccolysin/M4 | LL37 | Colonisation |
| Proteus mirabilis | Metalloprotease (ZapA) | M10.057/mirabilysin/M10 | LL37 | Colonisation |
| Aeromonas sobria | Serine protease (ASP) | S08.125/ASP (Aeromonas sobria)-type peptidase/S8 | PK | VL |
| Vibrio vulnificus | Metalloprotease | - | HF and PK activation | VL |