. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 May;47(5):574–582. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181676595

TABLE 3.

Mother–Child Problem-Solving and Maternal Parenting Styles Within Childhood MDD Group

	MDD Only (n = 21)	MDD and Internalizing (n = 12)	MDD and Externalizing (n = 10)	Statistic F_2,40
Maternal control	3.4 ± 0.8^a	3.7 ± 0.6^a	3.3 ± 0.6^a	1.01
Maternal positivity	3.1 ± 0.6^a	3.3 ± 0.4^a	3.2 ± 0.5^a	0.30
Maternal negativity	1.9 ± 0.8^a	2.5 ± 1.0^ab	2.5 ± 0.8^b	2.60^†
Authoritative parenting	2.7 ± 1.1^a	3.1 ± 1.2^a	2.4 ± 0.5^a	1.28
Authoritarian parenting	1.6 ± 1.0^a	2.0 ± 0.8^a	1.9 ± 0.9^a	0.90
Permissive parenting	1.5 ± 0.8^a	1.4 ± 0.5^a	2.0 ± 0.7^a	2.23
Disengaged parenting	1.4 ± 0.7^a	1.3 ± 0.7^a	1.5 ± 0.7^a	0.25
Child positivity	2.4 ± 0.5^a	2.6 ± 0.8^a	2.1 ± 0.6^a	1.37
Child negativity	2.2 ± 0.9^a	3.0 ± 1.0^ab	3.4 ± 1.0^b	7.43^**

Note: Means with different superscripts are significantly different. MDD = major depressive disorder.

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^†

p < .10.