Table 8.

Type, timing and severity of valid case management problems

N=714	Identified by audit team		Not identified by audit team, but by external assessors		Total
	n	row %	n	row %	n	column %
Type of case management problem Case-management problems related to	Chi2-test: p<0.0005
referral to hospital	37	88.1	5	11.9	42	5.9
establishing the diagnosis/monitoring	95	55.9	75	44.1	170	23.8
treatment	76	30.4	174	69.6	250	35.0
interacting with the patient or her family	58	59.2	40	40.8	98	13.7
management of hospital	97	71.3	39	28.7	136	19.1
Other type of case management problem	13	72.2	5	27.8	18	2.5
Total	376	52.7	338	47.3	714	100.0
Timing of case management problem Case-management problem occurred	Chi2-test: p<0.0005
before admission	66	67.4	32	32.6	98	13.7
at admission	24	63.2	14	36.8	38	5.3
while establishing diagnosis	51	55.4	41	44.6	92	12.9
while providing emergency treatment	57	33.7	112	66.3	169	23.7
… while providing further treatment	47	42.0	65	58.0	112	15.7
at discharge	44	60.3	29	39.7	73	10.2
undetermined time	74	67.9	35	32.1	109	15.3
after admission, before NM*	13	56.5	10	43.5	23	3.2
Total	376	52.7	338	47.3	714	100.0
Severity of the case management problem	N=705#; Chi2-test: p=0.3
minor: not directly relevan&	183	55.6	146	44.4	329	46.7
intermediate: some relevance&	144	50.5	141	49.5	285	40.4
major: immediate danger&	44	48.4	47	51.7	91	12.9
Total	371	52.6	334	47.4	705	100.0

*: concerns patients whose near-miss started after admission to the hospital.

^#: excluding 9 CMPs for which assessors could not reach agreement on severity.

^&: …for maternal survival or avoidance of long-term maternal morbidity.