Table 1.

Summary of the risk studies on Culicoides imicola distribution in the Mediterranean basin since 1998

References	Extent	Resolution	Dependent variable	Statistical model	Cofactors selected through the analysis	External evaluation
[21,22]	Morocco, Morocco/ Iberia	Not given	Abundance	Linear regression	NDVI (min), windspeed	No.
[23]	Iberia	Size of sampled sites	Pres./abs.	Logistic regression	Mean monthly T° (min &max), number of months in the year with mean T° exceeding 12.5 °C	No.
[24]	Iberia, Morocco	8 km x 8 km	Abundance	Discriminant analysis	8-variables model with DEM and Fourier-transformed NDVI, MIR, VPD and LST (cf. Table2)	No.
[25]	Italy, Calabria	Size of sampled sites	Pres./abs.	Logistic regression	T° (min &max)	No.
[26]	Portugal	1 km x 1 km	Both	Discriminant analysis	DEM and Fourier-transformed LST, NDVI, MIR and TAIR including seasonal cycles	No.
[27]	Italy	10 km x 10 km	Pres./abs.	Multiple logistic regression	Mean altitude and mean annual daily min T° and relative humidity	No.
[28]	Sicily	1 km x 1 km	Pres./abs.	Stepwise discriminant analysis	10-variables model with Fourier-transformed LST, NDVI, MIR and TAIR (cf. p93)	No.
[29]	Italy	Cell size = 0.0387°	Pres./abs.	Additive model	Elevation, slope, aridity index, landuse, animal density, soil type, T° and NDVI for the 4 seasons	No.
[30]	Italy	250 m x 250 m	Both	Discriminant analysis	Min. T°, aridity index, altitude, slope, NDVI and forest cover	No.
[31]	Spain	1 km x 1 km (sometimes 8 km x8km)	Pres./abs.	Logistic regression	Mean NDVI, sun index, interpolated precipitations and T° and their seasonality	Yes.
[32]	Spain	UTM 10 km x 10 km	Abundance	GLM neg. bin. &variation partitioning	21-variables model with spatial location, topo-climatic variable, domestic and wild hosts, soil, NDVI and seasonality	No.

DEM, Digital Elevation Model; MIR, Middle Infrared Radiance; VPD, Vapour Pressure Deficit; TAIR, Air temperature. NB: A review for some studies that occurred until 2004 is also provided in Baylis et al. [20].