(A) Levels of ERK, p-ERK, p-IκBα, mTOR, p-mTOR protein stimulated by 20 µg/ml arecoline were measured by western blotting. GAPDH was performed in order to monitor equal protein loading. (B) BMFs were coincubation with pharmacological agents in the presence of 20 µg/ml arecoline. GAPDH was performed in order to monitor equal protein loading. (C) From the AlphaImager 2000, rapamycin, PD98059, and Bay117082 were found to reduce the arecoline-induced S100A4 expression, respectively. * represents significant difference from control values with p<0.05. # represents statistically significant values between arecoline alone and arecoline with pharmacological agents; p<0.05.