Table 3.

Drinking Effects on Cognitive Change (1998-2005) by Age Group (f-values)

	Memory	Reasoning	Spatial	Verbal	Number	Speed
Age Group Models
Time	35.22***	210.93***	63.12***	31.61***	363.44***	187.96***
Time × Age Group	6.14*	35.26***	16.01***	18.56***	42.52***	32.84***
Time × Drinking Status	1.14	1.66	0.10	3.10*	2.08	0.53
Time × Age × Drinking Status	2.05	0.90	2.92*	1.26	1.22	1.42
Gender Models
Time	21.75 ***	113.85***	29.38***	10.69**	207.28***	90.34***
Time × Gender	0.76	0.01	1.14	0.01	0.58	1.04
Time × Drinking Status	0.72	0.51	0.10	2.98	1.49	0.92
Time × Gender × Drinking Status	1.51	0.74	1.64	0.89	0.92	4.84**

Note. Analyses conducted in SAS 9.1 using Proc Mixed, controlling for Income, Education, Drinking Levels for Beer, Wine, Liquor, Smoking Status, and Gender in Age Group models and Age Group in Gender models.

Time indicated two points: Time 1 = 1998 and Time 2 = 2005.

Bolding indicates significant (p <.05) differences;

^*=p ≤ .05;

^**=p ≤ .01;

^***=p ≤ .001.