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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Neurol. 2012 Nov;69(11):1482–1487. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2012.768

Table 3.

Current Pain Medications and Pain Control

No./Total No. (%)
P Value
NMO MS
Pain medications 22/29 (75.9) 25/66 (37.8) <.001
≥2 Pain medications 19/29 (65.5) 10/66 (15.2) <.001
Neuropathic medicationsa 17/29 (58.6) 16/66 (24.2) .005
Antiepileptic (sodium-channel blocking) medicationsb 19/29 (65.5) 6/66 (9.1) <.001
Antispasticity medicationsc 11/29 (37.9) 12/66 (18.2) .03
Opioidsd 9/29 (31.0) 8/66 (12.1) .006
Current pain level while taking pain medication
 Pain free (0) 0/22 (0) 12/25 (48.0) graphic file with name nihms414998t5.jpg .001
 Mild pain (1–3) 2/22 (9.1) 4/25 (16.0)
 Moderate pain (4–7) 7/22 (31.8) 4/25 (16.0)
 Severe pain (8–10) 13/22 (59.1) 5/25 (20.0)

Abbreviations: MS, multiple sclerosis; NMO, neuromyelitis optica.

a

Neuropathic: tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, pregabalin, and duloxetine hydrochloride.

b

Antiepileptic: phenytoin, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, and lamotrigine.

c

Antispastic: baclofen, tizanidine hydrochloride, and cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.

d

Opioids: hydrocodone, methadone hydrochloride, oxycodone, hydromorphone, and fentanyl citrate.