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Model depicting the role of OPN isoforms in GBM. Both GBM and stromal cells secrete OPN, which is cleaved by thrombin or double cleaved by thrombin and CPB2 or CPN to generate OPN-R and OPN-L. All three OPN isoforms cause cell migration, increased cell adhesion, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby creating a niche that confers survival advantages on the GBM cells.
