FIGURE 2.

ARV activates PTEN, p38, AMPK, and PKR signaling pathways in a time-dependent manner. DF-1 cells were infected with an m.o.i. of 5. The results of Western blot analysis of the total cellular protein isolated from ARV-infected DF-1 cells (upper panel) and from bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected Vero cells (lower panel) at the indicated time points are shown. A nonrelated virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, was used as a control to examine whether activation of p38 and AMPK by ARV is specific. Phosphorylation and protein levels were determined by Western blot assay with the respective antibodies. The β-actin was included as an internal control for normalization. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.