Table 5.
Results of external validation with TORCH [17]
| Key results | Published results [17] | Model results |
|---|---|---|
| Probability of death from any cause in 3 years (%) |
Combination: 12.59 PL: 15.16 |
Combination: 17.90 PL: 17.99 |
| Annual rate of exacerbations per patient |
Combination: 0.85 PL: 1.13 RR 0.75 (95 % CI 0.69–0.81) |
Combination: 0.74 PL: 1.05 RR 0.71 (95 % CI 0.709–0.710) |
| Adjusted mean change in FEV1 averaged over 3 years of combination therapy vs. PL [litre (95 % CI)] | 0.092 (0.075–0.108); p < 0.001 | 0.067 (0.064–0.069) |
| Adjusted mean change in SGRQ score averaged over 3 years [units (95 % CI)] |
Combination: −3.0 PL: +0.2 |
Combination: −2.10 (−2.08 to −2.12) PL: −1.54 (−1.53 to −1.54) |
CI confidence interval, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second, PL placebo, RR relative risk, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire