Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | All participantsa (n=79) | Garlic 1 (n=21) | Garlic 2 (n=20) | Garlic 4 (n=19) | Placebo (n=19) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (m/f) | 42/37 | 12/9 | 12/8 | 9/10 | 9/10 |
| |
Mean±s.d. (range) |
Mean±s.d. |
|||
| Age (years) | 69.8±11.9 (42–101) | 70.1±12.4 | 67.5±11.8 | 70.4±13.1 | 71.5±10.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3±4.9 (16.5–40.2) | 29.7±5.8 | 28.8±5.3 | 28.8±4.0 | 29.9±4.5 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.1±1.2 (3.0–8.5) | 5.0±1.0 | 4.6±0.9 | 5.4±1.2 | 5.5±1.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.9±1.0 (0.9–6.0) | 2.6±0.7 | 2.6±0.8 | 3.2±1.3 | 3.3±1.2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4±0.3 (0.9–2.3) | 1.4±0.3 | 1.4±0.3 | 1.4±0.4 | 1.4±0.4 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.7±1.0 (0.5–6.1) | 1.9±1.1 | 1.7±1.4 | 1.7±0.7 | 1.6±0.8 |
| Mean number of BP drugs | 1.7±0.9 (0–4) | 1.9±1.1 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.5±0.9 | 1.8±0.9 |
| |
N (%) |
||||
| Current smoker | 9 (9) | 1 (5) | 5 (33) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) |
| Family history of CVD | 38 (48) | 14 (67) | 13 (65) | 11 (58) | 10 (53) |
| Myocardial infarction | 18 (23) | 5 (24) | 4 (20) | 4 (21) | 5 (26) |
| Stroke | 13 (17) | 5 (24) | 3 (15) | 3 (16) | 2 (11) |
| Hypertension | 10 (13) | 4 (19) | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | 3 (16) |
| CAD, pacemaker, bypass | 7 (9) | 4 (20) | 3 (16) | ||
| Premature CVDb (m<55 years, f<65 years) | 12 (15); 25% of all CVD | 4 (19) | 4 (20) | 4 (21) | |
| Type of BP drug | |||||
| A2RB | 36 (46) | 8 (38) | 9 (45) | 8 (42) | 11 (58) |
| D | 31 (39) | 10 (48) | 6 (30) | 4 (21) | 11 (58) |
| CCB | 30 (38) | 8 (38) | 9 (45) | 9 (47) | 4 (21) |
| ACEI | 27 (34) | 10 (48) | 6 (30) | 6 (32) | 5 (26) |
| BB | 12 (15) | 4 (19) | 1 (5) | 3 (16) | 4 (21) |
| Number of BP drug types | |||||
| 0 | 3 (4) | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 8 (42) | |
| 1 | 32 (41) | 7 (33) | 11 (55) | 7 (37) | 8 (42) |
| 2 | 31 (39) | 8 (38) | 7 (35) | 7 (37) | 2 (11) |
| 3 | 10 (13) | 3 (14) | 2 (10) | 3 (16) | 1 (5) |
| 4 | 3 (4) | 2 (10) | |||
Abbreviations: A2RB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; BB, β-blockers; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blockers; CVD, cardiovascular disease; D, diuretics; f, female; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; m, male; s.d., standard deviation.
a
No significant differences in baseline values between garlic and placebo groups.
b
Includes myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease, but does not include hypertension only.