Table 2. Dose–response effect of garlic on blood pressure.
| Analysis | Weeks | Garlic 1 | Garlic 2 | Garlic 4 | Placebo | Mean difference (95%CI) between groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
n |
Mean (s.e.) |
n |
Mean (s.e.) |
n |
Mean (s.e.) |
n |
Mean (s.e.) |
Garlic 1 vs placebo |
Garlic 2 vs placebo |
Garlic 4 vs placebo |
| SBP | ||||||||||||
| ITTa | 0 | 21 | 150.8 (2.8) | 20 | 149.3 (2.9) | 19 | 149.4 (3.0) | 19 | 148.6 (3.0) | 2.2 (−6;10.4) | 0.7 (−7.7; 9.1) | 0.8 (−7.6;9.2) |
| (n=79) | 4 | 20 | 137.8 (2.9) | 20 | 145.8 (2.9) | 18 | 138.3 (3.0) | 19 | 141.0 (3.0) | −3.2 (−11.4;5) | 4.8 (−3.6;13.2) | −2.7 (−11.1;5.7) |
| 8 | 20 | 137.3 (2.9) | 20 | 131.4 (2.9) | 16 | 133.8 (3.2) | 18 | 139.1 (3.0) | −1.8 (−10.2;6.6) | −7.7 (−16.1;0.7) | −5.3 (−14.1;3.5) | |
| 12 | 17 | 142.8 (3.0) | 18 | 126.9 (3.0) | 16 | 134.1 (3.2) | 17 | 135.9 (3.1) | 6.8 (−1.8;15.4) | −9.1 (−17.7;−0.5)* | −1.9 (−10.9;7.1) | |
| Changec 0–12 | −8.1 (4.0) | −22.4 (4.0) | −15.4 (4.2) | −12.7 (4.2) | 4.6 (−7;16.2) | −9.7 (−19.3;−0.1)* | −2.7 (−14.7;9.3) | |||||
| Planned adjustedb | 0 | 18 | 148.7 (2.8) | 20 | 149.3 (2.6) | 19 | 149.4 (2.7) | 17 | 148.8 (2.8) | −0.2 (−8.2;7.8) | 0.5 (−7.3;8.3) | 0.6 (−7.2;8.4) |
| (n=74) | 4 | 17 | 137.7 (2.8) | 19 | 144.5 (2.7) | 18 | 138.3 (2.7) | 16 | 142.8 (2.9) | −5.1 (−13.1;2.9) | 1.7 (−6.1;9.5) | −4.5 (−12.5;3.5) |
| 8 | 17 | 135.2 (2.8) | 20 | 131.4 (2.6) | 15 | 132.6 (2.9) | 16 | 140.0 (2.9) | −4.8 (−16.4;−0.8) | −8.6 (−16.4;−0.8)* | −7.4 (−15.6;0.8)(*) | |
| 12 | 14 | 138.8 (3.1) | 17 | 126.8 (2.8) | 15 | 132.4 (3.0) | 14 | 138.1 (3.1) | 0.7 (−19.8;−3) | −11.4 (−19.8;−3)** | −5.7 (−14.3;2.9) | |
| Changec 0–12 | −9.8 (4.0) | −22.5 (3.7) | −17.1 (3.9) | −10.7 (4.0) | 0.9 (−22.6;−1) | −11.8 (−22.6;−1)** | −6.4 (−17.4;4.6) | |||||
| DBP | ||||||||||||
| ITTa | 0 | 21 | 77.1 (2.7) | 20 | 75.6 (2.8) | 19 | 75.9 (2.8) | 19 | 76.0 (2.8) | 1.1 (−6.7;8.9) | −0.4 (−8;7.2) | −0.1 (−7.7;7.5) |
| (n=79) | 12 | 19 | 72.1 (2.8) | 16 | 67.1 (2.8) | 16 | 70.1 (3.0) | 17 | 70.2 (2.9) | 2.0 (−6;10) | −3.0 (−11;5) | −0.1 (−8.3;8.1) |
| Changec 0–12 | −5.0 (4.0) | −8.5 (4.0) | −5.9 (4.0) | −5.8 (4.0) | NE | NE | NE | |||||
| Planned adjustedb | 0 | 18 | 76.9 (2.9) | 20 | 75.6 (2.8) | 19 | 75.9 (2.8) | 17 | 76.6 (3.0) | |||
| (n=74) | 12 | 14 | 70.0 (3.1) | 17 | 66.6 (2.8) | 15 | 69.5 (3.0) | 14 | 71.9 (3.1) | −1.9 (−10.5;6.7) | −5.3 (−13.7;3.1) | −2.4 (−10.8;6) |
| Change3 0–12 | −6.9 (1.9) | −9.0 (1.8) | −6.4 (1.9) | −4.7 (1.9) | NE | NE | NE | |||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NE, not estimated; s.e., standard error; all values in mm Hg.
*P<0.05; **P<0.01; (*)P<0.1.
a
ITT, intention-to-treat analysis includes all data points available regardless of protocol deviations, including change of prescription blood pressure medication, or non-compliance.
b
Planned adjusted analysis excluded data points after prescription blood pressure medication was changed during the trial, or because of participant's non-compliance.
c
Mean difference (s.e.) in blood pressure within group over time (0–12 weeks); 95% CI=mean±2 s.e.