Table 2.
Mediators released by eosinophils.
| Mediator | General function | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic granule proteins | Major basic protein (MBP) | Respiratory epithelial desquamation | Frigas et al. (1981) and Gleich (2000) |
| M2 receptor dysfunction | Fryer and Jacoby (1998) and Takafuji et al. (1998) | ||
| Mammalian cell and parasite toxicity | O’Donnell et al. (1983) and Piliponsky et al. (2002) | ||
| Stimulation of neutrophils, | Gleich (2000) | ||
| Mast cells, and basophils | Jacoby et al. (1993) | ||
| Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) | Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness | Gleich (2000) and Weller (2008) | |
| Leads to bronchoconstriction | Rosenberg et al. (1989) and Weller (2008) | ||
| Respiratory epithelial desquamation | Gleich (2000) | ||
| Cell and parasite toxicity | Zheutlin et al. (1984) | ||
| Generation of radical species | Kay (1988) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Stimulation of mast cells | Wu et al. (1999) and Matsunaga et al. (2000) | ||
| Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) | Suppression of lymphocyte response | Takafuji et al. (1998) and Gleich (2000) | |
| Mast cell and basophil degranulation | Ayars et al. (1989) and Fryer and Jacoby (1998) | ||
| M2 receptor dysfunction | Wu et al. (1999) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Cell and parasite toxicity | Wardlaw et al. (2000) | ||
| Generation of oxygen radicals | Wu et al. (1999) | ||
| Chemokines | CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL5 and IL-8 | Migration of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and eosinophils | Yousefi et al. (1995), Ying et al. (1996), and Nakajima et al. (1998) |
| Increased eosinophil survival | Gleich (2000) | ||
| Increased adhesion molecules expression | Weller (2008) | ||
| Airway wall remodeling | Elsner and Kapp (1999) | ||
| Cytokines | IL-3, IL-5, IL-9, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 | Sustained inflammation | Elsner and Kapp (1999) |
| IL-6, IL-4, IL-13, IL-16, IL-17, IL-2, and IL-8 | Eosinophil migration, development, and survival | Sanderson (1992) and Weller (2008) | |
| Increased adhesion molecule expression | Arm and Lee (1992) and Sanmugalingham et al. (2000) | ||
| Airway wall remodeling | Nonaka et al. (1995) and Woerly et al. (2002) | ||
| Rand et al. (1991) and Minshall et al. (2000) | |||
| Lipids | Cysteinyl leukotrienes, PAF, PGD2, and PGE2 | Increased mucus secretion | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Weller (2008) |
| Increased vascular permeability | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Activation of eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, and platelets | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Smooth muscle cell contraction | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Increased adhesion molecules expression | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Gleich (2000) | ||
| Chemotaxis of eosinophil and neutrophil | Kupczyk and Kuna (1999) and Weller (2008) |