Table 4.
Cox Regression: Re-report of Maltreatment Among Children ages Birth through 11 years (n=4,957)
| Variable | Model 1 Hazard Ratio | Model 2 Hazard Ratio | Model 3 Hazard Ratio | Model 4 Hazard Ratio | Model 5 Hazard Ratio | Model 6 Hazard Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Child Characteristics | ||||||
| Child age in years at index (0–11) | 0.974*** | 0.973*** | 0.974*** | 0.971*** | 0.971*** | 0.970*** |
| Child is female | 0.963 | 0.967 | 0.959 | 0.962 | 0.959 | 0.957 |
| Child is a person of color | 0.975 | 0.955 | 0.914* | 0.870** | 0.865*** | 0.825*** |
| Child Medical Risk in Infancy | 0.971 | 0.960 | 0.947 | 0.939 | 0.941 | 0.937 |
| Child Characteristics Interactions | ||||||
| Infant Risk * Time (>12months) | 1.187* | 1.199* | 1.208* | 1.196* | 1.200* | 1.201* |
| Child age * Time(12<months<36) | 1.027* | 1.027* | 1.027* | 1.026* | 1.026* | 1.026* |
|
| ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 27.30, df=6, p=.0001 | ||||||
| Index Event Characteristics | ||||||
| Neglect (Comparison Index Type) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| Mixed Type Index Report | 0.999 | 1.004 | 1.017 | 1.045 | 1.045 | |
| Physical Abuse | 0.822*** | 0.831*** | 0.851** | 0.853** | 0.854** | |
| Index Report | ||||||
| Sexual Abuse | 0.738*** | 0.748** | 0.744** | 0.738*** | 0.744*** | |
| Index Report | ||||||
| Index Report | 1.038 | 1.021 | 1.017 | 1.292*** | 1.293*** | |
| Substantiated | ||||||
| More than one victim in index report | 1.279*** | 1.201*** | 1.218*** | 1.224*** | 1.221*** | |
|
| ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 124.36, df=11,p<.0001 | ||||||
| Family | ||||||
| Characteristics | ||||||
| # children in family (value= 1,2 or 3) | 1.193*** | 1.178*** | 1.169*** | 1.162*** | ||
| Caregiver graduated high school | 0.827*** | 0.856*** | 0.863*** | 0.878** | ||
|
| ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 189.53, df=13,p<.0001 | ||||||
| Caregiver Service | ||||||
| Sector Use | ||||||
| No Caregiver MH/SA Medicaid Tx | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Caregiver M.H./S.A. | 1.621*** | 1.577*** | 1.576*** | |||
| Before index | ||||||
| Caregiver M.H./S.A. | 1.114 | 1.116 | 1.108 | |||
| After Index | ||||||
| Negative Exit or No Permanent Exit | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Permanent AFDC exit Before Index | 0.672** | 0.679** | 0.878** | |||
| Permanent AFDC exit After Index | 0.426*** | 0.432*** | 0.684** | |||
|
| ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 345.81, df=17, p<.0001 | ||||||
| Child Welfare | ||||||
| Services After Index | ||||||
| No Need Indicated or Services | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| FCS service only | 0.719** | 0.715** | ||||
| FPS or FPS & FCS | 1.443* | 1.438* | ||||
| Foster care | 2.491** | 2.458** | ||||
| Service Need but | 1.445** | 1.467** | ||||
| No Services | ||||||
| Child Welfare Service | ||||||
| Interactions | ||||||
| Substantiation* FCS | 0.820 | 0.831 | ||||
| Substantiation* (FPS or FPS & FCS) | 0.557* | 0.553* | ||||
| Substantiation* Foster Care | 0.481** | 0.480** | ||||
| Foster Care* Time (months<57) | 0.497** | 0.501** | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 415.71, df=25, p<.0001 | ||||||
| Census Tract | ||||||
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Median Family | 0.995** | |||||
| Income in 1000’s | ||||||
| Wald Chi-Sq (sandwich) 419.07, df=26, p<.0001 | ||||||
Note: Comparison groups for Multilevel Categorical Variables Provided in Italics
*
p<=0.05,
**
p<=.01,
***
p<=.0001