Table 5.
Cox Regression: Re-report of Maltreatment Among Children Ages 4 or Older (n=2,520)
| Variable | Model 1 Hazard Ratio | Model 2 Hazard Ratio | Model 3 Hazard Ratio | Model 4 Hazard Ratio | Model 5 Hazard Ratio | Model 6 Hazard Ratio | Model 7 Hazard Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Child Characteristics | |||||||
| Child Age in Years at Index (4-11) | 1.046** | 1.051** | 1.053** | 1.049** | 1.045* | 1.044* | 1.046* |
| Child is female | 0.899* | 0.898* | 0.894* | 0.896* | 0.903 | 0.904 | 0.932 |
| Child of color | 0.990 | 0.985 | 0.957 | 0.927 | 0.908 | 0.880* | 0.879* |
| Child Medical Risk in Infancy (1=yes) | 1.077 | 1.064 | 1.059 | 1.046 | 1.067 | 1.066 | 1.080 |
| Child Characteristics Interactions | |||||||
| Child age* Time in months | 0.998** | 0.998** | 0.998** | 0.998** | 0.998** | 0.998** | 0.998** |
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) =18.16, df=5, p<.003 | |||||||
| Index Event Characteristics | |||||||
| Neglect (Comparison Type) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| Mixed Type | 1.239 | 1.268 | 1.252 | 1.296 | 1.295 | 1.310 | |
| Physical Abuse | 0.926 | 0.934 | 0.957 | 0.962 | 0.962 | 0.943 | |
| Sexual Abuse | 0.861 | 0.874 | 0.879 | 0.865 | 0.869 | 0.851 | |
| Case Substantiated | 1.000 | 0.933 | 0.986 | 1.201* | 1.203* | 1.217** | |
| More than one victim in index report | 1.314*** | 1.259*** | 1.271*** | 1.285*** | 1.284*** | 1.288*** | |
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 63.78, df= 10, p<.0001 | |||||||
| Family Characteristics # children in family (values1,2, or 3) | 1.141** | 1.135** | 1.133** | 1.128** | 1.130** | ||
| Caregiver graduated H.S. | 0.863** | 0.890* | 0.889* | 0.897* | 0.898* | ||
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 88.22, df= 12, p<.0001 | |||||||
| Caregiver Service Sector Use | |||||||
| No Caregiver MH/SA Medicaid Tx | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 11.000 | |||
| Caregiver M.H./S.A. Prior | 1.534*** | 1.493*** | 1.490*** | 11.512** | |||
| Caregiver M.H./S.A. After | 1.119 | 1.147 | 1.140 | 1.138 | |||
| Negative Exit or No Permanent Exit | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Permanent AFDC exit Prior | 0.671* | 0.674* | 0.676* | 0.694* | |||
| Permanent AFDC exit After | 0.557*** | 0.566*** | 0.568*** | 0.560*** | |||
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 131.20, df= 16, p<.0001 | |||||||
| Child Welfare Services Levels After Index | |||||||
| No Need Indicated or Services | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| FCS service only | 0.555** | 0.555** | 0.559** | ||||
| FPS or FPS & FCS | 1.980* | 1.966* | 1.848* | ||||
| Foster care | 4.350*** | 4.344** | 4.541*** | ||||
| Service Need but No Services | 1.342 | 1.359 | 1.377* | ||||
| Child Welfare Service Interactions | |||||||
| Substantiation* FCS | 1.079 | 1.085 | 1.054 | ||||
| Substantiation* (FPS or FPS & FCS) | 0.433* | 0.438* | 0.430* | ||||
| Substantiation* Foster Care | 0.466** | 0.460** | 0.428** | ||||
| Foster Care* Time (months<57) | 0.365** | 0.365** | 0.369** | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 199.03, df= 24, p<.0001 | |||||||
| Census Tract Characteristics | |||||||
| Median Family Income in $1,000’s | 0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 202.87, df= 25, p<.0001 | |||||||
| Children’s Service Sector Participation Prior or Within 1 Year of Index | |||||||
| Medicaid MH/SA Tx | 2.063*** | ||||||
| SPED (Emotional Disturbance) | 1.493** | ||||||
| SPED (Any Other Disability) | 0.917 | ||||||
| Juvenile Court Petition | 0.610* | ||||||
| Children’s Service Sector Participation Interactions | |||||||
| Other Disability * | 1.623** | ||||||
| Time(months>36) | |||||||
| Juvenile Crt Petition* Time in months | 1.020* | ||||||
| Wald Chi-sq (sandwich) = 275.99, df= 31, p<.0001 | |||||||
Note: Comparison groups for Multilevel Categorical Variables Provided in Italics
*
p<=0.05,
**
p<=.01
***
p<=.0001