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. 2013 Feb 1;8(2):e55296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055296

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© 2013 Kim et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) A table showing the fold change in the known chondrogenesis-related genes in limb between the groups injected with either PBS or 5E1 at E12.5. As expected, Gli1, Hhip, and Ptch1 were down-regulated. Interestingly, Runx2, Runx3, and Bmp5 were down-regulated. Sox9, which is the master gene in chondrogenesis, was not altered by 5E1 treatment. (B) The results of the RT-qPCR are consistent with the microarray data. The amount of each of the RT-qPCR products was normalized using β-2-microglobulin (B2m) as an internal control. Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis with the level of statistical significance set at (*) p<0.01 or (**) p<0.05.