Figure 1. Choline and Betaine Metabolism.
Abbreviations: PC – phosphatidylcholine; PE – phosphatidylethanolamine; AdoMet – S-adenosylmethionine; AdoHcy – S-adenosylhomocysteine; THF – tetrahydrofolate; mTHF –5-methyltetrahydrofolate; Met – methionine; Hcy – homocysteine; DMG – dimethylglycine; MS – methionine synthase; BHMT – betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase; CBS – cystathionine β-synthase; B6– vitamin B6; B12– vitamin B12.