Figure 5. Actin network is essential for podosome ring integrity.

(a–d) Immunolocalization of actin (red) with either (in green) (a) vinculin, (b) talin, (c) zyxin and (d) paxillin in untreated control cells (upper row) or cells treated for 2 min (middle row) or 20 min (lower row) with cytoD. Merged images are shown on the right. Scale bar, 2 μm. (e) Levels of vinculin, zyxin, talin and paxillin were measured in at least 800 podosomes per condition. Data are normalized to the average intensity, and cytoD-treated levels are expressed relative to control levels. Shown are the median (middle line) and the interquartile range (upper and lower whiskers). Statistical analyses were performed by two-tailed Student’s t-test. ***P<0.001.