Table 3.

Comparison of Parenting Style from Both Parental and Child Perspectives.

Characteristic	No ADHD N=2,269 Percent*	ADHD N=240 Percent*	OR† (95%CI)	Wald Score (df), P
Parent Report
Parental Efficacy, Mean (±SD)	2.3 (±0.4)	2.0 (±0.5)	0.22 (0.16, 0.31)	151.5 (9), <.001
Do you feel frustrated?‡	7.5	31.3
Do you feel worried?‡	20.9	40.4
Do you feel sure of yourself?	86.3	75.4
Do you feel upset?‡	2.0	6.3
Do you feel happy?	95.0	90.4
Do you feel worn out?‡	6.5	25.0
Do you feel helpless?‡	1.6	7.9
Do you feel satisfied?	90.9	78.3
Do you feel like an effective parent?	89.7	74.9
Child Report
Parental Responsiveness, Mean (±SD)	2.4 (±0.7)	2.3 (±0.7)	0.95 (0.78, 1.14)	84.3 (9), <.001
Parent listens to what I say	84.1	77.2
Parent makes me feel better	86.2	81.4
Parent wants to hear problems	86.0	85.2
Parent knows something is bothering me	83.5	81.9
Parent understands how I feel	79.9	78.1
Parental Demandingness, Mean (±SD)	2.3 (±0.5)	2.3 (±0.5)	1.06 (0.82, 1.38)	87.7 (9), <.001
Parent checks to see I do my homework	89.8	87.9
Parent knows where I’m going	95.1	93.7
Parent knows where I am after school	96.0	94.1
Parent tells me what time to come home	80.5	79.1
Parent has rules that I must follow	83.0	79.2
Parent has rules about how I spend my time after school	63.6	63.2
Parent asks me what I do at my friends’ houses	68.0	63.6
Parent knows what I do on weekends	89.0	80.8
Parent checks what I am wearing	62.0	62.1

^*Percentages may not total to 100 because of rounding. Missing data were for Parental Self-Efficacy (1) and Maternal Responsiveness (10). For individual items from the parental efficacy scale, the percentage is those who responded “Most of the time” or “Almost always.”

^†OR adjusted for child age and gender, parent education, household income and clustering by school. OR and 95% CI indicate the change in the odds of ADHD diagnosis for each 1 point increase in summary score measures.

^‡These items were reverse coded when integrated into the summary scores.