Fig. 3.

Summary of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) laparoscopic anatomic liver resection experience (2001–2011) as broken down by technique (pure laparoscopic vs. hand-assisted vs. hybrid) (a) and type of resection performed (left lateral sectionectomy, left lobectomy, right lobectomy) utilizing each technique (b). The majority of laparoscopic anatomic lobectomies performed at UPMC were carried out utilizing a hand-assisted technique. Furthermore, the vast majority of left and right lobetcomies (88 %) performed in our experience were carried out with either hand assistance or via the hybrid technique