(a)  

VAS		TDR (n = 25)	PTDS (n = 25)	a P
Preop VAS	Min–Max	6–10	6–9	0.219
	Mean ± SD	8.24 ± 1.09[8]	7.96 ± 0.79 [8]
VAS (3 months)	Min–Max	0–5	1–5	0.588
	Mean ± SD	2.44 ± 1.16 [2]‡	2.64 ± 0.91 [2]‡
VAS (12 months)	Min–Max	0–3	0–4	0.087
	Mean ± SD	1.68 ± 0.85 [2]‡	1.28 ± 0.94 [1]‡
VAS (24 months)	Min–Max	0–2	0–3	0.240
	Mean ± SD	0.84 ± 0.69 [1]‡	0.68 ± 0.85 [1]‡
	b P	0.001**	0.001**

^aMann-Whitney U test, ^bFriedman test.

^‡Wilcoxon signed-rank test P < 0.001.

**P < 0.01.