Table 1.

Studies evaluating the association of OPG levels with indices of glycemic control, subclinical atherosclerosis, or cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.

Study	Population	Results
Olesen et al., 2005 [28]	21 type 1/type 2 patients	Increased OPG levels in the aortic tunica media are associated with vascular calcifications
Browner et al., 2001 [37]	35 type 2 patients	OPG is associated with cardiovascular mortality
Avignon et al., 2007 [51]	465 type 1/type 2 patients	OPG is associated with silent myocardial ischemia
Rasmussen et al., 2006 [52]	400 type 1 patients	OPG is associated with poor glycemic control and CVD
Blazquez-Medela et al., 2012 [53]	52 type 2 patients	OPG is an indicator of endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk
Altinova et al., 2011 [57]	166 type 2 patients	OPG is associated with poor glycemic control and microalbuminuria
Grauslund et al., 2010 [58]	200 type 1 patients	OPG is associated with nephropathy
Poulsen et al., 2011 [61]	735 type 2 patients	OPG is associated with carotid and peripheral arterial disease
Ishiyama et al., 2009 [62]	168 type 2 patients	OPG is positively associated with vascular calcifications and CIMT
Shin et al., 2006 [63]	104 type 2 patients	OPG levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction
Terekeci et al., 2009 [64]	42 type 2 patients	OPG levels are associated with neuropathy
Xiang et al., 2007 [70]	22 type 1 patients	OPG are associated with endothelial function