Table 1.

Relations between childhood motor function and adolescents' physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity level, and academic achievement (n = 8,061)

Model	B	SE	95% CI	P value	β
Grade-point averagea
Physical activityb	0.005	0.001	0.003, 0.007	<0.001	0.091
Cardiorespiratory fitnessc	−0.003	0.002	−0.007, 0.001	0.225	−0.032
Obesity leveld	−0.086	0.021	−0.127, –0.045	<0.001	−0.094
Early academic impairment	−0.341	0.015	−0.370, –0.312	<0.001	−0.365
Mother’s higher education	0.721	0.048	0.627, 0.815	<0.001	0.266
Mother’s upper secondary education	0.226	0.039	0.150, 0.302	<0.001	0.106
Sex (female vs. male)	0.565	0.038	0.491, 0.639	<0.001	0.308
Physical activityb
Compromised motor function	−4.673	0.644	−5.935, –3.411	<0.001	−0.207
Cardiorespiratory fitnessc	25.513	2.253	21.097, 29.929	<0.001	0.195
Obesity leveld	−0.252	0.324	−0.887, 0.383	0.437	−0.016
Mother’s higher education	5.055	0.802	3.483, 6.627	<0.001	0.102
Mother’s upper secondary education	2.034	0.644	0.772, 3.296	0.002	0.052
Sex (female vs. male)	−4.248	0.450	−5.130, –3.366	<0.001	−0.126
Cardiorespiratory fitnessc
Compromised motor function	−1.460	0.493	−2.426, –0.494	0.003	−0.102
Physical activityb	25.513	2.253	21.097, 29.929	<0.001	0.195
Obesity leveld	−4.587	0.349	−5.271, –3.903	<0.001	−0.571
Mother’s higher education	1.770	0.565	0.663, 2.877	0.002	0.056
Mother’s upper secondary education	1.132	0.419	0.311, 1.953	0.007	0.046
Sex (female vs. male)	−13.817	0.250	−14.307, –13.327	<0.001	−0.649
Obesity leveld
Compromised motor function	0.287	0.048	0.193, 0.381	<0.001	0.213
Physical activityb	−0.252	0.324	−0.887, 0.383	0.437	−0.016
Cardiorespiratory fitnessc	−4.587	0.349	−5.271, –3.903	<0.001	−0.571
Mother’s higher education	−0.266	0.075	−0.413, –0.119	<0.001	−0.090
Mother’s upper secondary education	−0.165	0.056	−0.275, –0.055	0.003	−0.071
Sex (female vs. male)	−0.138	0.035	−0.207, –0.069	<0.001	−0.068
Compromised motor function
Early academic impairment	0.309	0.032	0.246, 0.372	<0.001	0.420

^aThe grade-point average (scale 4–10) included mother tongue (in most cases Finnish or Swedish), first foreign language (started at grade 3), second foreign language (started at grade 7), mathematics, biology, geography, physics, chemistry, religion or ethics, history, music, visual arts, physical education, crafts, and home economics.

^bPhysical-activity level was defined as metabolic equivalent hours per week based on the intensity and volume of physical activity engaged in outside school hours, including commuting to and from school.

^cCardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a submaximal cycle ergometer test and expressed as peak oxygen uptake in mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹.

^dObesity level was defined using the IOTF age-specific cutoff points for BMI. The BMI was calculated as the weight divided by the square of the height (kg/m²).