Table 2.
Sequentially adjusted models of the association of albuminuria (>30 mg/g creatinine) with incident risk of hip and pelvic fracture among ONTARGET and TRANSCEND participants without a history of hip or pelvic fractures before study entry stratified by the absence or presence of albuminuria at baseline
| Variables | M1: HR (95% CI) | M2: HR (95% CI) | M3: HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BL ALB+ versus BL ALB− | 1.62 (1.22–2.15), P<0.001 | 1.48 (1.12–1.97), P=0.006 | 1.35 (1.00–1.82), P=0.05 |
| Age (yr) | 1.10 (1.08–1.11), P≤0.001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.11), P≤0.001 | |
| Female versus male | 2.62 (2.06–3.33), P≤0.001 | 2.63 (2.01–3.45), P≤0.001 | |
| Asian versus European | 1.23 (0.89–1.69), P=0.22 | 1.07 (0.76–1.49), P=0.71 | |
| Other versus European | 0.89 (0.62–1.28), P=0.54 | 0.89 (0.62–1.28), P=0.53 | |
| BMI<20 versus BMI≥30 | 3.55 (2.00–6.30), P≤0.001 | ||
| BMI=20 to <30 versus BMI≥30 | 1.39 (1.03–1.88), P=0.03 | ||
| History of diabetes | 1.34 (1.03–1.75), P=0.03 | ||
| History of CVD | 1.19 (0.77–1.83), P=0.44 | ||
| Current versus never smoker | 1.14 (0.74–1.77), P=0.55 | ||
| Former versus never smoker | 0.99 (0.75–1.31), P=0.94 | ||
| BL eGFR MDRD<30 versus ≥60 | 1.65 (0.67–4.08), P=0.28 | ||
| BL eGFR MDRD=30 and <45 versus ≥60 | 1.30 (0.85–1.99), P=0.22 | ||
| BL eGFR MDRD≥45 and <60 versus ≥60 | 1.14 (0.86–1.51), P=0.36 | ||
| Alcohol ≥3 drinks/d (21 drinks/wk) | 0.99 (0.36–2.68), P=0.98 | ||
| Physical activity less than once a week | 0.97 (0.76–1.25), P=0.82 | ||
| Ramipril (OT) versus placebo (TR) | 1.15 (0.72–1.84), P=0.56 | ||
| Telmisartan (OT + TR) versus placebo (TR) | 1.23 (0.79–1.93), P=0.36 | ||
| Combination (OT) versus placebo (TR) | 1.48 (0.93–2.33), P=0.10 |
Participants were followed for 4.6 years. All participants had baseline albuminuria and eGFR levels and 2-year eGFR values. eGFR is ml/min per 1.73m2 ONTARGET, Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global End Point Trial; TRANSCEND, Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease; M, model; HR, hazard ration; CI, confidence interval; BL, baseline; ALB, albuminuria; BMI, body mass index; CVD, coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease; eGFR, estimated GFR; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; OT, ONTARGET; TR, TRANSCEND.