Table 1.
Target cell | Global | Osteocyte | Osteoblast | Chondrocyte | Hepatic | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene | igf-1 (Baker et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1993* Bikle et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2006b ^) | igf-1 (Sheng et al., 2013) | igf-1 (Govoni et al., 2007b) | igf-1r (Zhang et al., 2002) | igf-1 (Govoni et al., 2007a) | igf-1r (Wang et al., 2011) | igf-1 (Sjogren et al., 1999; Sjogren et al., 2002) |
Promoter driving Cre | N.A. | DMP-1 | Col1α2 | OCN | Col2α1 | Col2α1 | Mx |
Bone length | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓ | S | S4d, ↓4w | ↓ | S<11w, ↓>11w |
Body weight | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | S | S4d, ↓4w | ↓ | S |
Postnatal lethality | + | - | + | - | - | + | - |
Serum IGF-1 | ↓↓ | S | S | NR | S | NR | ↓↓↓ |
BMC | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | NR | ↓ | NR | S<11w, ↓>11w |
BMD | S | S | ↓ | NR | S | NR | S |
Trabecular BV/TV | ↑↑↑ | S | S | S3w ↓6w | NR | NR | S |
Trabecular thickness | ↑ | S | S | S3w ↓6w | NR | NR | S |
Trabecular number | ↑ | S | S | S3w ↓6w | NR | NR | S |
Trabecular separation | ↓ | S | S | S3w ↑6w | NR | NR | S |
Endosteal BFR | NR | ↓ | ↓ | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Endosteal MAR | NR | ↓ | ↓ | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Endosteal circumference | NR | ↓ | ↓ | NR | ↓ | NR | NR |
Periosteal BFR | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | NR | S | NR | NR |
Periosteal MAR | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | NR | S | NR | NR |
Periosteal circumference | NR | ↓ | ↓ | NR | ↓ | NR | ↓>11w |
Osteoblast number | NR | NR | ↓ | ↓3w S6w | NR | NR | NR |
Osteoclast number | ↓ | ↓ | NR | ↓3w S6w | NR | NR | NR |
Growth plate length | ↓ | ↓ | NR | NR | S | ↓ | NR |
Chondrocyte proliferation | S* ↓^ | S | NR | NR | S | ↓ | NR |
Chondrocyte differentiation | ↓ | ↓ | NR | NR | S | ↓ | NR |
Chondrocyte apoptosis | ↑ | NR | NR | NR | NR | ↑ | NR |
Serum BF markers | NR | ↓ | NR | NR | NR | NR | S |
Serum BR markers | NR | ↓↓ | NR | NR | NR | NR | S |
BFR, bone formation rate; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; MAR, mineral apposition rate; BV/TV, bone volume/total volume; OCN, osteocalcin; 4d, reported at four days; 3w, 4w, 6w, reported at 3, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively; <11w, on or before 11 weeks;>11w, beyond 11 weeks; NA, not applicable, S, no change; NR, not reported. When two studies report opposing phenotypes, a superscript denoting the corresponding citation is indicated.